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- W4249046475 abstract "Next article FreeAbout the CoverPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailQR Code SectionsMoreCoverMelibe leonina (small inset on cover), is a nudibranch that is most often found in seagrass meadows and kelp beds along the West Coast of the United States and Canada. It feeds on small prey that it captures using rhythmic movements of its large oral hood. Occasionally it can also be observed floating in the water column or swimming using rhythmic lateral flexions of its entire body. Previous studies have demonstrated that it will swim, and crawl, most often at night. In this issue, the paper by James Newcomb, Winsor Watson, and their students, describes how the locomotion of this species is influenced by a circadian clock that might be associated with its eyes.M. leonina has relatively clear skin, so light can easily reach its eyes. The eyes are located on the brain, which is unusual for gastropods. The main picture shows a M. leonina brain that has been removed and pinned out in a dish of saline where it can be kept alive and will continue to express certain behaviors such as swimming. The eyes have black pigment associated with them; the two white spots lateral to the eyes are neurons with a white pigment. All the other round objects are the cell bodies of individual neurons. The clear structures leaving the brain are nerves.M. leonina has been used by a number of scientists to study the neural basis of behavior because, as is evident from the picture of its brain, its neurons are very large, and readily identifiable. The size, color, and consistent location of these neurons, such as the pair of white pigmented cells adjacent to the eyes, make it possible to insert microelectrodes into individual neurons and record their activity, both in intact animals and in isolated brains. Because the eyes are on the brain, these isolated brains, like intact animals, will express swimming activity more in the dark than in the light. In their article, the authors demonstrated that if the eyes of this species are removed, it is still able to synchronize its daily rhythms to the natural light-dark cycle, suggesting that it probably has other, extraocular, photoreceptors. However, without their eyes, individuals do not exhibit circadian rhythms of locomotion in constant darkness, suggesting that these organs may contain an element of the endogenous biological clock.In view of these facts, this nudibranch provides a good model system for investigating the connection between biological clocks and the neural circuitry underlying behaviors that are expressed with a circadian rhythm.Credits: Large image, Winsor Watson III, University of New Hampshire; inset, James N. Newcomb, New England College; layout, Beth Liles, Marine Biological Laboratory. Next article DetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Biological Bulletin Volume 227, Number 3December 2014 Published in association with the Marine Biological Laboratory Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/BBLv227n3cover © 2014 by Marine Biological Laboratory. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article." @default.
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- W4249046475 date "2014-12-01" @default.
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- W4249046475 title "About the Cover" @default.
- W4249046475 doi "https://doi.org/10.1086/bblv227n3cover" @default.
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