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- W4249210006 abstract "Abstract The first and second laws of thermodynamics are stated and applied to heat engines and refrigerators. Because chemical technology is concerned primarily with the processing of fluids, the dependence of volume on temperature and pressure and the phase behavior of gases and liquids are reviewed. The enthalpy, Helmholtz energy, and Gibbs energy are introduced, and the fundamental property relations that express these properties and the internal energy as functions of their special variables are developed. The energy balance for steady‐flow processes is presented, as are equations applying to the vapor–liquid phase transition. The property relations for ideal‐gas mixtures are developed, leading to the introduction of the fugacity, the fugacity coefficient, and residual properties, and their applications. Similar development of property relations for ideal solutions leads to the definition of excess properties. The criteria for phase equilibria and their application to vapor–liquid and other kinds of phase equilibria are considered. Finally, chemical‐reaction stoichiometry and the standard property changes of reaction are applied to chemical‐reaction equilibria." @default.
- W4249210006 created "2022-05-12" @default.
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- W4249210006 date "2000-12-04" @default.
- W4249210006 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W4249210006 title "Thermodynamics" @default.
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- W4249210006 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/0471238961.2008051814051919.a01" @default.
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