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- W4249292777 abstract "Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease characterized by multiple demyelinating attacks on the brain or spinal cord. In this chapter, we will discuss the phenotypes of MS, including the most common, relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS), in which there are clinical attacks of distinct neurological symptoms followed by complete or partial improvement. This is the trademark clinical history of MS, and it is accompanied by the characteristic MRI appearance of multiple white matter lesions, with new lesions developing over time. However, another classic feature of the disease is its variability among individuals in the number of relapses and extent of disability progression, which can make it challenging to prognosticate and sometimes to make a firm diagnosis. Fortunately, whereas MS was once solely a clinical diagnosis, MRI has allowed us to identify the disease with more confidence and earlier in the disease's evolution. We will review the 2010 McDonald criteria, the latest consensus guidelines for diagnosis. We will conclude with a discussion of several conditions that may mimic the symptoms of MS and should be considered early in the diagnostic workup. Ancillary tests, including CSF studies and antiaquaporin-4 neuromyelitis optica (NMO) serum antibody testing, may be helpful where diagnostic dilemmas arise." @default.
- W4249292777 created "2022-05-12" @default.
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- W4249292777 date "2014-07-22" @default.
- W4249292777 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W4249292777 title "Diagnostic Process" @default.
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- W4249292777 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118298633.ch3" @default.
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