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• W4249479427 abstract "Abstract Synthesis gas or in short syngas is the term used for mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide . Synthesis gas is an important building block for a number of petrochemicals as well as an important feedstock for liquid fuels. The catalytic production of synthesis gas involves a number of chemical equilibrium reactions that can take place simultaneously, including undesired carbon‐forming reactions which may occur under unfavorable reaction kinetics, process conditions, or reactor design. The composition of the synthesis gas produced is determined by the thermodynamics of these quilibrium reactions. The catalytic industrial processes for synthesis gas generation include hydrocarbon steam reforming (HSR), auto thermal reforming (ATR) and various combinations of HSR and ATR, indicated as combined reforming. The noncatalytic routes for synthesis gas generation include partial oxidation (Pox) and gasification. The drive for more fuel efficient process routes for synthesis gas production has resulted in a number of concepts for heat exchange reforming (HER) which aim to utilize the available waste heat to the maximum extent. The main engineering issues for synthesis gas generation are related to the reactor design. For HSR, the reactor tubes are placed in a furnace, which supplies the required heat flux for the endothermic steam‐reforming reactions. For ATR, the heat of reaction is produced in the reactor feed gas through the reaction with oxygen. For ATR, burner design is the key engineering issue. For these high temperature reactors, selection of materials of the reactor with the correct creep rupture strength and oxidation/ carburization resistance is of paramount importance from both economical and safety point of view. New developments in synthesis gas generation include the use of new catalytic materials, such as in the process of catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) and the use of selective membranes, which may be used to remove one of the products, for example hydrogen which may allow to shift the equilibrium reaction and performing the same conversion at a lower temperature. For all syngas production processes there is a strong integration of the catalytic materials and its associated kinetics, reactor design, and heat management at high temperatures." @default.
• W4249479427 created "2022-05-12" @default.
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• W4249479427 date "2002-12-13" @default.
• W4249479427 modified "2023-10-13" @default.
• W4249479427 title "Synthesis Gas Generation: Industrial" @default.
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• W4249479427 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/0471227617.eoc196" @default.
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