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• W4251227190 abstract "Summary.— 1 Epidermal mass (thickness) is controlled by a complex mechanism in which the epidermal chalone plays a central role. The chalone inhibits epidermal mitotic activity by reducing the proportion of the basal cells that are in the mitotic cycle and the speed at which this cycle is completed. It also acts to reduce the speed at which the distal post‐mitotic cells age and die. 2 The response of the epidermal mass (thickness) to a rising mitotic rate (falling chalone concentration) is divisible into 3 separate phases. 3 In Phase 1 (e.g. normal mouse epidermis) the mitotic rate is low. Mitosis occurs in the basal layer in such a way that the 2 daughter cells remain basal; the pressure so generated is relieved by the extrusion of a neighbouring basal post‐mitotic cell. Any change in the mitotic rate is matched by an equivalent change in the rate of ageing of the extruded cells; thus no change in epidermal thickness occurs. 4 In Phase 2 (e.g. normal human epidermis, hyperplastic mouse epidermis) the mitotic rate has increased beyond the point at which all the basal cells have entered the mitotic cycle; there are therefore no post‐mitotic basal cells available to be extruded. From this point onwards the greater the mitotic rate (the lower the chalone content), the higher the lateral pressure within the basal layer, the greater the folding (or doubling) of this layer, the higher the numbers of basal mitotic cells per unit area of skin, the higher in consequence the number of distal post‐mitotic cells (which are also ageing more quickly) per unit area of skin, and the thicker the epidermis. Thus epidermal mass (thickness) is a function of the degree of folding (or doubling) of the basal layer and of the increased rate of post‐mitotic ageing. Towards the top of Phase 2 (e.g. psoriasis, papillomata) the chalone content of the whole epidermis has fallen to a low level, but the rate of cell gain still equals the rate of cell loss. 5 In Phase 3 (e.g. epidermal carcinomata) the average chalone content is very low, and the rate of cell gain exceeds the rate of cell loss. The normal balance can be restored by raising the chalone concentration artificially. 6 The manner in which this mechanism operates during normal healing and tissue regeneration is examined, and reasons are given for considering that these epidermal reactions are typical of mitotic tissues and of tumours in general." @default.
• W4251227190 created "2022-05-12" @default.
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• W4251227190 date "1972-09-01" @default.
• W4251227190 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W4251227190 title "THE CONTROL OF EPIDERMAL THICKNESS*" @default.
• W4251227190 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb00307.x" @default.
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