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- W4253058982 abstract "Abstract Cocaine is isolated from coca that is found in the plant, Erythroxylon coca, and is a common drug of abuse. It is a powerful central nervous system stimulant that causes intense euphoric effects by preventing dopamine, a neurotransmitter that stimulates the reward pathways in the brain, from being deactivated. It is sold on the street in two forms—as a hydrochloride salt and as a free base (crack). The salt form is typically abused by nasal insufflation, while crack is smoked. Smoked cocaine causes greater and more rapid euphoria than administration through other means, making crack particularly dangerous. Cocaine is metabolized through a variety of competing mechanisms of chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis. The average half‐life of the drug in the blood is 60‐90 min, depending on the route of administration. Cocaine metabolites typically remain detectable in the urine for 2‐4 days after use, depending on dose and other physiological factors. The parent drug and its metabolites can be detected through a variety of analytical procedures. For forensic purposes, analysis typically includes an initial test such as an immunoassay and a confirmatory test such as mass spectrometry. Increased sensitivity of newer analytical instrumentation has made the analysis of hair and oral fluid for cocaine and metabolites possible. Hair provides longer detection times than traditional specimens, while oral fluid may prove useful in roadside sobriety testing." @default.
- W4253058982 created "2022-05-12" @default.
- W4253058982 creator A5055511807 @default.
- W4253058982 date "2009-04-17" @default.
- W4253058982 modified "2023-10-11" @default.
- W4253058982 title "Cocaine" @default.
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- W4253058982 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470061589.fsa421" @default.
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