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- W4253298259 abstract "The article contains sections titled: 1. Abbreviations and Glossary of Special Terms 2. Introduction 3. Principle 4. Reaction Components 4.1. DNA Polymerases 4.1.1. Fidelity 4.1.2. Mg2+ as Cofactor 4.1.3. Inhibitors 4.2. Deoxynucleoside Triphosphates (dNTPs) 4.3. Reaction Buffer 4.4. Primer 4.4.1. Melting Temperature 4.4.2. Concentration 4.4.3. Synthesis 4.4.4. Primer Design 4.5. Template 5. Equipment and Laboratory Preconditions 6. Cycling Conditions and Reaction Phases 6.1. Denaturation Conditions 6.2. Annealing Conditions 6.3. Extension Conditions 6.4. Amplification Phases 7. Characterization of PCR Products 7.1. Gel Electrophoresis 7.2. Restriction Analysis 7.3. Hybridization 7.4. Sequencing 8. Modifications of PCR for Increased Specificity and Sensitivity 8.1. Increasing Specificity 8.2. Increasing Sensitivity 9. Contamination 9.1. Sources of Contamination 9.2. PCR Controls 9.3. Decontamination Methods 9.3.1. Uracil-N-Glycosylase (UNG) 9.3.2. UV Light 9.3.3. Enzymes 9.3.4. Psoralens and Isopsoralens 10. Quantitative PCR 10.1. External Control 10.2. Internal Control 10.3. Real-Time Quantification 10.3.1. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) 10.3.2. Förster Energy Transfer (TaqMan System) 11. Applications 11.1. Detection of Pathogenic Agents 11.1.1. Preconditions 11.1.2. Extraction of Template DNA 11.1.2.1. Isolation of Total DNA 11.1.2.2. Isolation of Pathogen Specific DNA 11.1.3. Amplification 11.1.4. Multiplex PCR 11.1.5. In Situ PCR 11.1.6. Universal PCR 11.1.7. PCR Controls for Diagnostic Purposes 11.2. Detection of Genetic Disorders or Cancerous Cells 11.2.1. Known Mutations 11.2.1.1. Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) 11.2.1.2. Allele-Specific Oligonucleotides (ASOs) 11.2.1.3. Introduction of Restriction Sites 11.2.1.4. Competitive PCR 11.2.1.5. Primer Extension PCR (PEST) 11.2.2. Unknown Mutations 11.2.2.1. Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) 11.2.2.2. Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) 11.2.2.3. Chemical Cleavage of Mismatches (CCM) 11.3. PCR Analysis in Evolution and Taxonomy 11.3.1. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism 11.3.2. PCR for Typing Satellites or HLA Genes 11.3.3. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA 11.3.4. Analysis of Fingerprints 11.3.5. Restrictions and Future Aspects 11.4. Tissue Typing 11.5. PCR in Food Analysis 11.6. PCR to Engineer DNA 11.6.1. Cloning of PCR Products 11.6.2. PCR Mutagenesis 11.7. PCR for Analysis of Gene Expression" @default.
- W4253298259 created "2022-05-12" @default.
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- W4253298259 date "2000-06-15" @default.
- W4253298259 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W4253298259 title "Polymerase Chain Reaction" @default.
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- W4253298259 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.c21_c01" @default.
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