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- W4253553676 abstract "Publisher SummaryThis chapter discusses ionospheric physics. The earth's ionosphere is a partially ionized gas that envelops the earth and forms the interface between the atmosphere and space. Ionospheric physics as a discipline grew out of a desire for understanding the origin and effects of the ionized upper atmosphere on radio wave propagation. The discovery of the ionosphere came from radio wave observations and the recognition that only a reflecting layer composed of electrons and positive ions explained the characteristics of the data. Ionospheric research has greatly benefited from the space program with the associated development of instruments for balloons, rockets, and satellites. The combination of remote ionospheric sensing and direct in situ measurements made from spacecraft has accelerated the pace of ionospheric research. Equally important has been the development of plasma physics around which, the understanding of ionospheric phenomena has been organized. The continuing development of magnetospheric and atmospheric science has also influenced the understanding of the ionosphere." @default.
- W4253553676 created "2022-05-12" @default.
- W4253553676 date "1989-01-01" @default.
- W4253553676 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W4253553676 title "Chapter 1 Introductory and Background Material" @default.
- W4253553676 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0074-6142(09)60146-7" @default.
- W4253553676 hasPublicationYear "1989" @default.
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