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• W4253993704 abstract "We studied the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) release and positioning on the occurrence of venous air embolism (VAE). Eighteen consecutive patients (8 women, 10 men; ASA grade I–III) undergoing neurosurgery in the sitting position were studied. After induction of anesthesia ventilation was controlled with a PEEP of 5 cm H2O in an oxygen-air gas mixture. A transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) probe was inserted. Preoperatively, a patent foramen ovale was excluded in all patients. TEE monitoring was performed during surgery, during PEEP release at the end of surgery with the patient still in the sitting position, and during change of the patient position into the supine position. The severity of VAE was differentiated as follows: grade 1 = only microbubbles; grade 2 = microbubbles and decrease of end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (Petco2) by more than 1.5 mm Hg; grade 3 = microbubbles combined with a decrease of Petco2 by more than 1.5 mm Hg, and a decrease of mean arterial blood pressure by at least 20 mm Hg. During surgery, VAE with a grade of 1, 2 or 3 occurred in 7, 4, and 2 patients, respectively. After PEEP release, VAE of grades 1, 2, and 3 were observed in 7, 2, and 1 patients, respectively. During repositioning from sitting to supine position, VAE of grades 1, 2, and 3 was observed in 6, 1, and 1 patients, respectively. The patient with VAE grade 3 needed inotropic support until 2 h after surgery to maintain sufficient blood pressure. No patient showed any sign of paradoxical arterial embolism or cardiac dysfunction. We conclude that VAE occurs not only during surgery in the sitting position, but also with release of PEEP and during repositioning to the supine position." @default.
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• W4253993704 date "2002-02-01" @default.
• W4253993704 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W4253993704 title "Venous Air Emboli Occur During Release of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure and Repositioning After Sitting Position Surgery" @default.
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• W4253993704 doi "https://doi.org/10.1213/00000539-200202000-00032" @default.
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