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- W4253998476 abstract "Abstract. Frozen hydrometeors are found in a huge range of shapes and sizes, with variability on much smaller scales than those of typical models or satellite observations. Neither models nor in-situ measurements can fully describe this variability, so assumptions have to be made in applications including atmospheric modelling and radiative transfer. Here parameter estimation has been used to optimise six different assumptions relevant to frozen hydrometeors in passive microwave radiative transfer. This covers cloud overlap, convective water content and particle size distribution (PSD), the shapes of large-scale snow and convective snow and an initial exploration of the ice cloud representation (particle shape and PSD combined). These parameters were simultaneously adjusted to find the best fit between simulations from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) assimilation system, and near-global microwave observations covering the frequency range 19 GHz to 190 GHz. The choices for the cloud overlap and the convective particle shape were particularly well constrained (or identifiable) and there was even constraint on the cloud ice PSD. The practical output is a set of improved assumptions to be used in version 13 of the Radiative Transfer for TOVS microwave scattering package (RTTOV-SCATT), taking into account newly available particle shapes such as aggregates and hail, and additional PSD options. The parameter estimation explored the full parameter space using an efficient assumption of linearly additive perturbations. This helped illustrate issues such as multiple minima in the cost function, and non-Gaussian errors, that would make it hard to implement the same approach in a standard data assimilation system for weather forecasting. Nevertheless, as modelling systems grow more complex, parameter estimation is likely to be a necessary part of the development process." @default.
- W4253998476 created "2022-05-12" @default.
- W4253998476 creator A5022496698 @default.
- W4253998476 date "2021-03-11" @default.
- W4253998476 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
- W4253998476 title "Physical characteristics of frozen hydrometeors inferred with parameter estimation" @default.
- W4253998476 doi "https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-50" @default.
- W4253998476 hasPublicationYear "2021" @default.
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