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• W4254357641 abstract "116 The Michigan Historical Review Thomas. Yet, though it is neither tabloid mystique nor promotional piece, scholars and laypersons alike will find morsels of information that make Once in a Great City a worthy addition for their shelves. Keith A. Dye University of Michigan – Dearborn Matthew Pehl. The Making of Working-Class Religion. Urbana: University of Illinois, 2016. Pp. 245. Illustrations. Index. Notes. Paper: $30.00. In a sweeping narrative of Detroit’s working-class history from the 1910s to the 1970s, Matthew Pehl argues that historians need to see religion as central to the rise and fall of working-class consciousness. In the early twentieth century, he argues, Catholics, Protestants, and Jews of a broad span of racial and ethnic backgrounds defined their “ethnic peoplehood” through their religious idioms and common devotional practices (p. 27). Work provided moral meaning and thus became central to religious practice. In the long Social Gospel era (1910-1935), he argues, this religiously-imbued sense of worker consciousness was transformed into what he calls “working-class religion” or simply “worker religion.” The very idioms, devotional practices, and theological emphases of workers’ religion, Pehl shows, were mediated during these years through religious clerics who worked closely with the United Auto Workers (UAW). In exploring the organizations these clerics built—the People’s Institute of Applied Religion (PIAR), the Association of Catholic Trade Unionists (ACTU), and many others—Pehl argues that class consciousness, including a capacious definition of the ‘brotherhood of man and fatherhood of God,’ was defined at the heart of religious consciousness. For each of these Depression-era working-class religious organizations, this class consciousness centered on the personhood of Christ as a worker and was intentionally anti-racist. However, Pehl argues, the career of “worker religion” rose and fell with the size of the industrial workforce in Detroit. As post-World-WarII -prosperity, combined with rapid automation, sent many white Catholics and Protestants out of the factory floors and into other types of work environments (or onto underemployment and unemployment), the idiom of “Christ the worker” fell in prominence as a relatable person of devotional attachment. Christ the worker, he argues, implied a Book Reviews 117 trustworthy, white, masculine, breadwinner who understood that simple work was still meaningful. In the 1950s and 1960s, however, personal and political anxieties shifted with the changing nature of work within working-class lives. As working-class Christians began to worry more about Communism and racial injustice, the shape of religious consciousness shifted as well. Pehl argues that the 1960s saw the transition from a class-conscious religion to race-conscious religion. As he describes this transition, it occurred as the locus of clerical and lay attention shifted from the factory floor to the city streets. Moved by the War on Poverty, religious leaders now invested their efforts in church-led housing projects, daycare centers, and coop food centers. When discussing the “the poor,” Detroit Christians now referred to African Americans (p. 198). Religious idioms of race consciousness followed, including a black and anti-imperialist iconography of Jesus. The book makes several meaningful interventions in the fields of working-class history, religious history, and the study of lived religion. It adds much to a growing field of scholarship tracing the racial and class dimensions of religious iconography, as well as the religious origins of the Black Freedom Movement. The book is well-written, concise, and highly recommended to all audiences. Janine Drake Giordano University of Great Falls Rich Preheim. In Pursuit of Faithfulness: Conviction, Conflict, and Compromise in Indiana-Michigan Mennonite Conference. Harrisonburg, VA: Herald Press, 2016. Pp. 418. Bibliography. Illustrations. Index. Notes. Paper: $34.99. Preheim contends the Indiana-Michigan conference of the Mennonite Church USA shaped the faith and practice for all Mennonites in the United States. His meticulously researched and detailed exploration of the Indiana-Michigan conference, from its early establishment in the 1840s all the way to the present, points to the ongoing struggle between unity and discord within the Mennonite church. In Pursuit of Faithfulness begins by outlining the persistent significance of persecution to the Mennonite identity and the way it fostered a sense of opposition and separation from the world. Preheim clearly..." @default.
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