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• W4254407369 abstract "The second session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction on 16–19 June in Geneva emphasised the meaning of concerted actions for risk reduction and climate change adaptation considering the broader context of poverty reduction, ecosystem management and sustainable development. The chair's draft summary focussed on the need to address the factors that are driving the increase in disaster risk. Rural poverty and vulnerability, unplanned and poorly managed urban growth and declining ecosystems are highlighted in this respect. The summary covers proposed targets for a full implementation of the Hyogo Framework of Actions 2005. The targets, for example, refer to a global structural evaluation of all schools and hospitals by 2011 in all disaster prone countries as a basis for concrete action plans for safer schools and hospitals by 2015. At the same time disaster risk reduction should be included in all school curricula. Another target refers to the inclusion and enforcement of disaster risk reduction measures in the building and land use codes of all major cities in disaster prone areas by 2015. The implementation of national risk assessments, municipal disaster recovery plans, early warning systems, and specification of water risks are also mentioned but without specific thresholds yet. Last but not least, there is a call for a target to halve the losses of lives from disasters, when the term of the Hyogo Framework concludes in 2015. As a major prerequisite to successful implementation, strong advocacy, stronger commitment, greater public awareness and support, and appropriate funds are stressed. It should be realised that the increasing political will in all regions to address disaster risk, across both developed and developing nations and both governments and civil society, has come from the bottom up as communities recognise the dangers they face and the need for action. Reduction of disaster risk therefore should especially draw on sharing knowledge, ensuring easy and systematic access to best practice, tools and international standards, as well as the need for investment in research and development. More effective integration of science and technical information into policy and practice is also required. Since flooding is one of the most disastrous hazards in many regions of the world, conclusions from the second session of the Global Platform are highly relevant to flood risk management. They pose questions on the needs for research and practice from the view point of exposed societies and communities. Beyond basic research, which doubtless is a strong force of principal innovation, these questions follow a trans-disciplinary logic originating from societal problems and aimed at a better understanding and provision of applicable solutions, methods and tools. To deal with these questions it has to be appreciated that flood risk management in science and practice is still evolving. A great impulse originated during the International Decade of Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) from 1990 to 1999 when it was found that protection against floods remains inherently limited and unsustainable. Instead, disaster risk was found to be reducible to a tolerable level only, depending on the receptor's vulnerability. Today the formal understanding of risk as probability of negative consequences is widely acknowledged. At the same time the former paradigm of flood protection has been changed to the paradigm of flood risk management, which is aimed at reducing risk to a tolerable level prior, during and after an event, considering both the flood hazard and the flood vulnerability. The concept of risk has led to an enhancement of the scope of disaster risk reduction measures. Aside from traditional structural measures for flood protection, nonstructural measures for vulnerability mitigation are becoming increasingly important in risk management practice. The overall aim of these measures is the improvement of flood resilience, which means the capability to recover after an event has happened. These measures address both long-term planning, for example using land-use regulation and preparedness, as well as the short-term management of running events based on measures such as mobile walls and organised evacuation. Despite the growing understanding of the comprehensive issue of flood risk management, risk reduction remains limited given the unacceptable high number of casualties and the huge amount of damage during many recent flood events. One reason for this is doubtless the inherent and epistemic uncertainty in describing flood risk systems and in forecasting forthcoming floods. However, findings from social science studies suggest that there are major problems regarding the uptake of scientific results by experts of flood risk management practice and decision makers, the co-operation between relevant actors from different sectors, adjacent areas and decision-making levels as well as the communication between experts and the people at risk. The latter for instance is underpinned by empirical results indicating that people have some difficulty in understanding the message of risk maps and hence are not able to behave appropriately. The lack of comprehensive formulation and implementation of flood risk management strategies are a challenge for both research and practice. They are not only a matter of knowledge transfer, but an emergent issue that needs to be addressed explicitly. The topic encompasses the science–policy interface and the process of management within the surrounding governance structures. Risk management according to this understanding is embedded in the competitive context of other societal objectives. Of course the societal dimension of risk management and risk governance does not question the efforts for further improvements in modelling flood risk systems. Integrating system dynamics due to climate and socio-economic change with the uncertainties from scenarios and models is the key for robust, flexible and sustainable risk reduction in the future. However, the acceptance of the role of management and governance leads to the inclusion of the context and processes of actors and institutions of society and therefore has the potential for fostering implementation. The wider management perspective seems to be a prerequisite for a major step towards successful flood risk reduction in terms of social and economic welfare, adaption to climate change and sustainable development as requested by the second session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction. The Journal of Flood Risk Management in line with that provides an international forum for exchange among experts from science and practice covering all aspects of managing flood risks. The outcomes of the second session – among others – seem highly relevant for the future dialogue." @default.
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• W4254407369 date "2009-09-01" @default.
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• W4254407369 title "Journal of Flood Risk Management" @default.
• W4254407369 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318x.2009.01038.x" @default.
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