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- W4254785422 abstract "Publisher SummaryThis chapter describes the devices that utilize low power or substitute a battery. The basic principle is to reduce the energy and power required to the battery. Several types of fuel cells are available, but one cell named the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell can work relatively at lower temperatures and can lend itself to miniaturization is presented. The basics of PEM fuel cells are given with electrode reactions and the theoretical energies of PEM fuel cells are summarized in a table along with the components and layers that are used in design. The single cell and cell stack are mentioned for its multiple functions and the schematic representation of single fuel cell and multi-fuel cell stack is explained. The fuel-cells miniaturization explains the technology and processes involved in constructing miniature fuel cells for portable cells. The comparison of batteries and PEM fuel cells are summarized in a table for various attributes. The chapter also contains a detailed explanation on small super capacitors." @default.
- W4254785422 created "2022-05-12" @default.
- W4254785422 date "2005-01-01" @default.
- W4254785422 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W4254785422 title "Energy Sources Supporting, or Substituting, Batteries" @default.
- W4254785422 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-044451672-5/50008-9" @default.
- W4254785422 hasPublicationYear "2005" @default.
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