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• W4255471851 abstract "One of the West's frontline bases during the Cold War has been turned into an innovative conservation project. Nigel Williams reports. One of the West's frontline bases during the Cold War has been turned into an innovative conservation project. Nigel Williams reports. “Landscape-scale conservation is bigger and broader than the traditional conservation management of small, fragmented pockets” “Landscape-scale conservation is bigger and broader than the traditional conservation management of small, fragmented pockets” The Cold War is something now forgotten in most people's memories. An inkling of the past may have emerged in the recent conflict in Georgia and growing concerns about the relationship between Russia and the West, but one Cold War site has moved on to different days. Greenham Common in Berkshire, England was used by both the Americans and the British during World War II and during the Cold War. It was also home to nuclear missiles and became the focus of major demonstration. Marches and the women's peace camps held in the 1980s to stop nuclear weapons being kept at this site provided headline news. Tens of thousands of protestors formed a 14-mile human chain to make the point. Eventually, at the end of the Cold War, the missiles left the camp in 1991. In one of the most populous regions of southern England, an area of former heathland began to regenerate as people began to consider what to do with the redundant airbase. Without any intervention, the grass-sided airstrip began to turn gradually back into the heathland that existed at the site before the base was built. Animals and plants that once occupied the site began to return. In 1997 a newly formed Greenham Common Trust bought the airbase, immediately selling the open common land to the local authority for £1. Over the next few years the fences came down, 1.25 million tonnes of concrete and gravel were removed, new pools and slopes were landscaped, and grazing animals were once again allowed to feed freely on the wide open expanse of heathland. Local people found the former airbase a place of escape from neighbouring towns. Greenham Common now is the largest area of heathland in the region and supports several nationally scarce species, such as the Dartford warbler, adder, common lizard, small red damselfly, hobby, tree pipit and stonechat. Greenham Common now is the largest area of heathland in the region and supports several nationally scarce species, such as the Dartford warbler, adder, common lizard, small red damselfly, hobby, tree pipit and stonechat. But this local conservation and restoration success, is now becoming part of a larger, ambitious conservation project for the benefit of both wildlife and local people. Awareness is growing that, in order to best protect wildlife in heavily populated areas, the creation of links between nature reserves offers the greatest chance of helping species thrive. Such projects will form the basis of new plans elsewhere to better protect wildlife in challenging environments. The West Berkshire Living Landscape has been conceived by the local wildlife trust. The plan is to expand the range of natural species in the area to increase the numbers within individual species. The aim is to give species the best possible chance to adapt to and survive the pressures of human development and the uncertainties of climate change. The heathland at Greenham is on top of a flat gravel plateau running from west to east. It is surrounded by wooded escarpments, with alder-lined gullies, running down to wetland river valleys. But species numbers have dwindled. A number of species once common in the area are now threatened or gone. “If we can give them enough space and the right conditions, we could see these species rise once again to the kind of numbers that will give them a chance to cope with change and adversity,” says Geoff Findlay, environment councillor for the district. In the last 200 years, the area has been dramatically changed by the canal, the railway, farming practices, military use and mineral extraction. It also has a wealth of history, as does much of Britain, from social and military interest to ancient archaeology and geology. And the council is keen to encourage people to the site and expand it. The council hopes over the next 30 years to extend this ‘living landscape’ by at least 400 hectares. “Landscape-scale conservation is bigger and broader than traditional conservation management of small, fragmented pockets of wildlife sites,” says Philippa Lyons, chief executive of the local wildlife trust. “People have shaped the landscape in the past, and are now an important part in securing the future of wildlife in the area.”" @default.
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• W4255471851 date "2008-09-01" @default.
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• W4255471851 title "Common interest" @default.
• W4255471851 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.08.032" @default.
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