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- W4256294217 abstract "Mineral resource and ore reserves, pertaining to tonnage and grade, are dynamic. Internationally accepted reserve-classification reporting code includes the US Geological Survey (USGS), United Nations Framework Classification (UNFC), and Joint Ore Reserves Committee (JORC). The deposits are characteristically dominated by the platinum group of elements (PGEs), nickel, or chromite, and/or in ratio of main/byproducts.The world reserve base of PGE metals is estimated at 66,110 tonnes (∼72,870 tons), 95% contributed by single source of Bushveld Complex, South Africa, that can supply for the next century. Other sources are Russia, Zimbabwe, the United States, and Canada.The global nickel reserve base, occurring as magmatic sulfides and laterites, is estimated at 81 million tonnes (∼89 million tons) of contained metal shared between Australia, New Caledonia, Brazil, Russia, Cuba, Indonesia, South Africa, the Philippines, and China.Chromite ore is estimated at 9215 Mt, contributed mainly by the Bushveld Complex (74%) and supported by Zimbabwe, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Finland, and India.Annual production in 2014 was 351 tonnes (∼387 tons) Pt + Pd, 2.42 Mt of nickel metal, and 29 Mt of chromite ore. Refined platinum–palladium and scrap recovery satisfy the annual demand. Nickel and chromite production is closely commensurate to the annual production of crude steel for ferronickel, ferrochrome, and corrosion-resistant nickel and chrome plating/polishing.Chapter ends with a comparative statement of all-inclusive primary characteristic features of global PGEs–Ni–Cr deposits covering six continents." @default.
- W4256294217 created "2022-05-12" @default.
- W4256294217 date "1990-06-01" @default.
- W4256294217 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W4256294217 title "Stainless steel powder/MIM production at PAMCO" @default.
- W4256294217 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0657(10)80152-3" @default.
- W4256294217 hasPublicationYear "1990" @default.
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