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- W4256532344 abstract "Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) is a multifactorial illness requiring a personalized biopsychosocial (BPS) formulation across the lifespan to understand its causes. This chapter reviews the current evidence focusing on predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating, and prognostic variables (4P’s), merging them into a chronologically based 4P-BPS model. Positive PNES randomized controlled trials suggest that self-efficacy and illness beliefs, avoidance behaviors, trigger sensitization, and comorbid psychiatric disorders are important etiological variables to target during treatment. Epidemiological and neurobiological research suggests that further treatment development focusing on the causal impact of trauma and affect dysregulation is lacking and is warranted going forward. The clinical implications for the evidence to date, as well as recommendations for translating current knowledge into therapeutic behaviors, are discussed." @default.
- W4256532344 created "2022-05-12" @default.
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- W4256532344 date "2017-05-01" @default.
- W4256532344 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W4256532344 title "Psychiatric Factors" @default.
- W4256532344 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265045.003.0003" @default.
- W4256532344 hasPublicationYear "2017" @default.
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