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• W425783895 abstract "THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION'S opposition to recently inaugurated International Criminal Court (ICC) has provoked expressions of outrage and disappointment from human rights advocates worldwide and especially shrill condemnations from European commentators. Critics claim to discern in administration's rejection of court a return to American unilateralism and proof of arrogant disregard of remaining superpower for wishes of community or, at any rate, rest of it. Such rebukes give impression that court enjoys a far higher degree of international support than in fact it does. The court is creation of an international agreement: so-called Rome Statute, which was famously--or infamously, depending on one's point of view--unsigned by Bush administration in May 2002. At this writing, 92 states out of 192 states (including Holy See) officially recognized by U.N. have ratified Rome Statute. These include 15 current member states of European Union. Now, last decade has not lacked occasions for leading European powers to demonstrate considerable economic and political means at their disposal for securing conformity from their junior partners on matters deemed of interest. The decision taken, under massive German pressure, in late 1991 to recognize Croatian and Slovenian statehood represented a watershed in this regard. Even leaving aside such informal mechanisms, however, Treaty of European Union by its article 19 binds member states to coordinate their action in international organizations and at international conferences and to uphold positions in such fora. This is not to say, of course, that process of reaching a common position is always an easy one or always succeeds. The Iraq crisis has made this abundantly clear. Indeed, as will be seen below, ICC project also provoked substantial divisions at interior of EU even though protagonists chose at time to remain discreet. Nonetheless, EU member states are precisely supposed to act as a bloc in matters pertaining to foreign policy and security. As regards International Criminal Court, in end they did. Of remaining 77 ratifying states, II are candidates for accession to EU. Such countries are, if anything, even more susceptible to informal pressures than existing EU member states, as for them it is EU membership itself that could hang in balance. Thus, European parliament passed a resolution calling on all candidate countries to ratify statute and, furthermore, declaring any bilateral agreements that might affect its implementation to be incompatible with EU membership. Another three of ratifying states--Macedonia, Bosnia, and newly re-baptized Serbia and Montenegro--are successor states to former Yugoslavia that, although not yet officially candidates for EU accession, are already subject in varying degrees to EU supervision if not outright control. Bosnia, to take only most extreme case, is currently ruled, for all intents and purposes, by a High Representative who is, in effect, appointed by EU and who, since Paddy Ashdown's assumption of post in May 2002, is now also EU's Special Representative to country. EU officials never tire of repeating that it is destiny of all these countries someday to join European Union. If one adds Albania--which ratified statute on very day last January that it officially opened negotiations on a Stabilization and Association Agreement with EU--this gives altogether 29 ratifying states that are either current or prospective members of EU. Thus, of remaining 153 generally recognized states in only 63 have up to now ratified Rome Statute. These latter notably feature some of world's smallest countries: San Marino, whose 27,000 inhabitants rank it as third smallest state in Europe (after Holy See and Monaco), and Nauru, proudly billed in its own publicity material as the smallest republic in world, with just over 12,000. …" @default.
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• W425783895 date "2004-02-01" @default.
• W425783895 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W425783895 title "A Lawless Global Court: How the ICC Undermines the U.N. System" @default.
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