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- W4280497582 abstract "<italic>Neisseria meningitidis</italic> and <italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</italic> are the only <italic>Neisseria</italic> species to cause infections in immune competent individuals. The gonococcus has existed for thousands of years but the meningococcus emerged about 400 years ago. Both bacteria use phase variation of surface antigens to escape host defences. Both bacteria are naturally competent for transformation and the large number of DNA uptake sequences in their genomes indicate that they have acquired a lot of genes by horizontal gene transfer. A key virulence determinant of the meningococcus is the capsule and the ability to synthesize it was acquired from the unrelated <italic>Haemophilus influenzae</italic>. Because of its importance, the capsule has been used in the development of vaccines. Meningococci produce many virulence factors, but how these help the bacteria to invade the bloodstream is not known. Gonococci can exist both extracellularly and intracellularly. When residing extracellularly the gonococci attract neutrophils and these constitute most of the characteristic discharge seen in patients with gonorrhoea. Numerous virulence factors prevent destruction of the bacteria on the mucosal surface. The PorA protein probably plays a key role in internalization." @default.
- W4280497582 created "2022-05-22" @default.
- W4280497582 creator A5069384542 @default.
- W4280497582 date "2022-03-24" @default.
- W4280497582 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W4280497582 title "Two Related Pathogens: One Ancient, One Modern" @default.
- W4280497582 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192863843.003.0009" @default.
- W4280497582 hasPublicationYear "2022" @default.
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