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• W4280514540 abstract "Abstract Objectives Despite the quantum of research findings on tobacco epidemic, a review on the formation characteristics of nicotine, aldehydes and phenols, and their associated etiological risks is still limited in literature. Accordingly, knowledge on the chemical properties and free radical formation during tobacco burning is an important subject towards unravelling the relationship between smoking behaviour and disease. This review investigates how scientific efforts have been advanced towards understanding the release of molecular products from the thermal degradation of tobacco, and harm reduction strategies among cigarette smokers in general. The mechanistic characteristics of nicotine and selected aldehydes are critically examined in this review. For the purpose of this work, articles published during the period 2004–2021 and archived in PubMed, Google Scholar, Medley, Cochrane, and Web of Science were used. The articles were selected based on the health impacts of cigarette smoking, tobacco burning kinetics, tobacco cessation and tobacco as a precursor for emerging diseases such as Covid-19. Content The toxicity of cigarette smoke is directly correlated with its chemical composition derived from the pyrolysis of tobacco stem and leaves. Most of the harmful toxic substances are generated by pyrolysis during smoking and depends on pyrolysis conditions. Detailed studies have been conducted on the kinetics of nicotine by use of robust theoretical models in order to determine the rate constants of reactions in nicotine and those of nicotine dissociation via C–C and C–N scission, yielding pyridinyl and methyl radicals, respectively. Research has suggested that acetaldehyde enhances the effect of nicotine, which in turn reinforces addiction characteristics whereas acrolein and crotonaldehyde are ciliatoxic, and can inhibit lung clearance. On the other hand, phenol affects liver enzymes, lungs, kidneys, and the cardiovascular system while m -cresol attacks the nervous system. Summary and Outlook The characteristics of chemical release during tobacco burning are very important in the tobacco industry and the cigarette smoking community. Understanding individual chemical formation from cigarette smoking will provide the necessary information needed to formulate sound tobacco reform policies from a chemical standpoint. Nonetheless, intense research is needed in this field in order to prescribe possible measures to deter cigarette smoking addiction and ameliorate the grave miseries bedevilling the tobacco smoking community." @default.
• W4280514540 created "2022-05-22" @default.
• W4280514540 creator A5028327912 @default.
• W4280514540 creator A5059989199 @default.
• W4280514540 creator A5075816968 @default.
• W4280514540 date "2022-05-11" @default.
• W4280514540 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W4280514540 title "A review of the characteristic properties of selected tobacco chemicals and their associated etiological risks" @default.
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• W4280514540 doi "https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2022-0013" @default.
• W4280514540 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35538694" @default.
• W4280514540 hasPublicationYear "2022" @default.
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• W4280514540 hasAuthorship W4280514540A5028327912 @default.
• W4280514540 hasAuthorship W4280514540A5059989199 @default.
• W4280514540 hasAuthorship W4280514540A5075816968 @default.

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