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- W4281736277 abstract "<strong class=journal-contentHeaderColor>Abstract.</strong> Ancient Egyptian mummies from the Late Period to the GrecoâRoman Period were covered by a black coating consisting of complex and heterogeneous mixtures of conifer resins, wax, fat and oil with variable amounts of bitumen. Natural bitumen always contains traces of vanadyl porphyrin complexes that we used here as internal probes to explore the nanoscale environment of V<span class=inline-formula><sup>4+</sup></span> ions in these black coatings by electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) and hyperfine sub-level correlation spectroscopy (HYSCORE). Four types of vanadyl porphyrin complexes were identified from the analysis of <span class=inline-formula><sup>14</sup></span>N hyperfine interactions. Three types (referred to as VO-P1, VO-P2 and VO-P3) are present in natural bitumen from the Dead Sea, among which VO-P1 and VO-P2 are also present in black coatings of mummies. The absence of VO-P3 in mummies, which is replaced by another complex, VO-P4, may be due to its transformation during preparation of the black matter for embalming. Analysis of <span class=inline-formula><sup>1</sup></span>H hyperfine interaction shows that bitumen and other natural substances are intimately mixed in these black coatings, with aggregate sizes of bitumen increasing with the bitumen content but not exceeding a few nanometres." @default.
- W4281736277 created "2022-06-13" @default.
- W4281736277 creator A5001636435 @default.
- W4281736277 date "2022-06-05" @default.
- W4281736277 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W4281736277 title "Reply on RC1" @default.
- W4281736277 doi "https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-2022-10-ac1" @default.
- W4281736277 hasPublicationYear "2022" @default.
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