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- W428282194 abstract "I n July 1999, the Japanese government approved a basket of measures known as the Set of Acts for Decentralization. These measures, aimed at facilitating the shift toward a decentralized system of government, came into force in April 2000. The term decentralization refers to the re-distribution of previously centralized political and administrative resources toward local areas. The distribution of legislative power is especially important because it is used as an index to measure the degree of decentralization accomplished. A keyword in the present decentralization legislation is self-determination, the meaning of which, used here, is twofold: 1) local governments will create their own policies independently of the central government; and 2) local residents will participate in the decision-making process. The Local Autonomy Law adopts the systems of direct democracy for the management of local governments. One such system is the direct demand system by which local residents are entitled to make direct demands. Many people have high expectations that this system will be applied especially for the enactment, amendment, or abolition of local ordinances. In reality, however, the level of effectiveness it will have for self-determination in a decentralized society is questionable. The two primary reasons for this are a low approval rate for draft ordinances put forward by the direct demand system, and the lack of a means of appeal for residents when a demand is denied. In dealing with these problems, some people are arguing for direct participation of residents through referenda. They point out the limitations of a system that entrusts final decisions to local assemblies or councils. To grant the wishes of local residents to determine their own future, however, the usual process of enacting ordinances must still be followed. In what manner will these wishes be incorporated into the policy’s decision-making process? The answer will form a critical pillar of the design of such systems and institutions for a decentralized society. Commentary" @default.
- W428282194 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W428282194 date "2000-01-01" @default.
- W428282194 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W428282194 title "Local Self-Governance in Japan:The Realities of the Direct Demand System" @default.
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