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- W4282946490 abstract "This study used the concentration–polarization method to perform the radical-graft-modification of a commercial NF membrane (NF270) for enhancing membrane separation performance and mitigating membrane fouling. Influencing factors including different background water salinity and fouling types were systematically evaluated using humic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (SA) for simulating organic and biological fouling, respectively. Increasing water salinity caused decreasing permeate flux as well as the rejection of salt and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) of the pristine and grafted membranes, especially at high electrical conductivity (EC) = 10,000 μs cm−1. In comparison with the clean pristine membrane, the grafted membrane exhibited 19%–26% higher NaCl rejection and 3%–48% higher PPCP rejection, and remained relatively stable permeate flux, especially at low and medium EC (500–5,000 μs cm−1). Compared with the fouled pristine membranes, the fouled grafted membranes at EC=250–10,000 μs cm−1 exhibited 1%–30% and 1%–12% higher PPCP rejection with HA and SA fouling, respectively, especially for TRI and CBZ with high hydrophobicity. The grafted layer displayed a synergistic effect on membrane separation by adding an additional barrier along with enhancing the electrostatic repulsion between the solutes and membrane surface. The mitigation of HA and SA fouling was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy with fewer deposits and smoother surface on the grafted membrane surface. In sum, the results evidenced successful achievement and application of the in-situ radical graft modification technology to improve salt and PPCP rejection as well as mitigate organic and biological fouling with different water salinity." @default.
- W4282946490 created "2022-06-16" @default.
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- W4282946490 date "2022-08-01" @default.
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- W4282946490 title "In-situ radical graft modification of NF270 to improve membrane separation: Effects of water salinity and fouling types" @default.
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- W4282946490 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2022.102758" @default.
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