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• W4283073089 abstract "High volume aqueous applications of imazalil (IMZ) are commonly used in major citrus producing industries for control of green mould, caused by Penicillium digitatum. The flooder application is a more novel means of application where the heated fungicide solution is applied in high volume and low pressure through weirs creating a waterfall over a set of rotating brushes. A five-weir flooder is compared to the conventional dip tank application in terms of residue loading, curative and protective control as well as sporulation inhibition. Imazalil sulphate was applied with a flooder (250 mg L-1 at pH ≈ 5 for 8 s) or a dip tank (500 mg L-1 at pH ≈ 3 for 60 s) on various citrus types at solution temperatures of 25, 35 or 52 °C. All treatments deposited IMZ residues in the fruit of ≈ 1.00 mg kg-1, except residues of ≈ 2.00 mg kg-1 after treatment at 52 °C. Flooder application gave similar curative control and better protective control compared to the dip application. Sporulation control by IMZ was significantly improved when applied with the flooder at 52 °C, compared to the dip treatment. Imazalil sulphate application at 250 and 500 mg L-1 was optimised at temperatures from 25° to 60°C. Regression models describing residue loading in a pH 5, 250 mg.L-1 solution applied by flooder at 26.9 or 47.4 °C would deposit residues of 1 and 2 mg.kg-1, respectively. Regression models describing residue loading in a pH 3, 500 mg.L-1 solution applied by flooder at 38.0 or 63.20 °C would deposit residues of 1 and 2 mg.kg-1, respectively. Curative and protective control was generally good (> 80%), but consistently better after treatment with 500 mg L-1. The influence of number of flooder weirs (1−5) and IMZ solution temperature range of 25–55 °C was determined. A single weir loaded an imazalil residue between 1.00 and 1.50 mg kg-1 regardless of solution temperature. Residue loading was markedly increased at 45 °C with three weirs and 2 mg kg-1 was only exceeded at 55 °C with 3–5 weirs. Curative green mould control (≈90%) and sporulation inhibition (>50%) were more consistent and better when imazalil was applied at 45 °C or higher using three or more weirs. The heated flooder application is an effective alternative to the fungicide dip tank." @default.
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• W4283073089 date "2022-10-01" @default.
• W4283073089 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W4283073089 title "Postharvest application of imazalil sulphate using a heated flooder for control of citrus green mould" @default.
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• W4283073089 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2022.111987" @default.
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