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- W4283078379 abstract "Lignin, as the second-largest component of biomass, is an important renewable and carbon-neutral resource with a stable aromatic structure. Modified lignin can be functionalized as carbon materials via hydrothermal treatment. However, the relation between the lignin and the reaction conditions is unclear. In this work, we explored the evolution of the kraft lignin during the hydrothermal treatment and investigated the effect of reaction conditions (temperature and pressure) on the structure of lignin. The characteristics of the solid product were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis, N2 adsorption/desorption, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 1H solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and pyrolysis/combustion behavior in thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The results showed that a high reaction temperature could effectively break the C–C/CC bonds, ether bonds, and methoxy groups in sequence. A smoother surface of the microscopic morphology was obtained at higher temperatures (200–300 °C). Conversion from solid lignin to liquid monomer could be adjusted by the reaction pressure nearly without changing the lignin structure. More porous structures were obtained at a high temperature (300 °C) and lower pressures (2–8 MPa)." @default.
- W4283078379 created "2022-06-19" @default.
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- W4283078379 date "2022-08-01" @default.
- W4283078379 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W4283078379 title "Evolution of kraft lignin during hydrothermal treatment under different reaction conditions" @default.
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- W4283078379 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2022.06.005" @default.
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