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- W4284668722 abstract "Abstract Multi-year El Niño events induce severe and persistent floods and droughts worldwide, with significant socioeconomic impacts, but the causes of their long-lasting behaviors are still not fully understood. Here we present a two-way feedback mechanism between the tropics and extratropics to argue that extratropical atmospheric variability associated with the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) is a key source of multi-year El Niño events. The NPO during boreal winter can trigger a Central Pacific El Niño during the subsequent winter, which excites atmospheric teleconnections to the extratropics that re-energize the NPO variability, then re-triggers another El Niño event in the following winter, finally resulting in persistent El Niño-like states. Model experiments, with the NPO forcing assimilated to constrain atmospheric circulation, reproduce the observed connection between NPO forcing and the occurrence of multi-year El Niño events. Future projections of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phases 5 and 6 models demonstrate that with enhanced NPO variability under future anthropogenic forcing, more frequent multi-year El Niño events should be expected. We conclude that properly accounting for the effects of the NPO on the evolution of El Niño events may improve multi-year El Niño prediction and projection." @default.
- W4284668722 created "2022-07-08" @default.
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- W4284668722 date "2022-07-05" @default.
- W4284668722 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W4284668722 title "Multi-year El Niño events tied to the North Pacific Oscillation" @default.
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- W4284668722 doi "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31516-9" @default.
- W4284668722 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35790767" @default.
- W4284668722 hasPublicationYear "2022" @default.
- W4284668722 type Work @default.