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• W4285173583 abstract "TB is one of the leading infectious causes of death worldwide with more than 10 million cases and approximately 1.5 million deaths annually. There exists a bidirectional relationship between tuberculosis (TB) and undernutrition. Persons with TB develop undernutrition through numerous mechanisms, most notably anorexia due to cytokines necessary for antimycobacterial immune response. Both macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies have been associated with TB disease. Conversely, undernutrition is associated with increased severity of TB disease and undernourished individuals are more likely to suffer unfavorable treatment outcomes. Nutritional supplementation was the cornerstone of TB therapy in sanatoria, but was supplanted by more effective pharmacologic therapy. Although some historical data suggest that nutritional supplementation may improve treatment outcomes, studies in the antibiotic era have produced mixed results. Supplementation of multiple micronutrients during treatment has been associated with reduced mortality regardless of HIV status. A careful assessment of nutritional status should be performed before assigning a supplementation regimen although a simplified, more generic approach may be more suitable in some circumstances. Undernourished patients should receive nutritional counseling. Nutritional supplementation may compensate for the effects of TB on metabolism and increase activity of the immune system. Further, supplementation of nutrients may improve treatment adherence and reduce drug toxicity. Most notably, vitamin B6 supplementation can prevent peripheral neuropathy due to isoniazid. Nutritional support must be adapted to each geographic region and socioeconomic context." @default.
• W4285173583 created "2022-07-14" @default.
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• W4285173583 date "2023-01-01" @default.
• W4285173583 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W4285173583 title "Tuberculosis: Nutritional management" @default.
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• W4285173583 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-821848-8.00093-7" @default.
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