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- W4285177539 endingPage "150" @default.
- W4285177539 startingPage "63" @default.
- W4285177539 abstract "The Bocca Grande and Bocca Nuova fumaroles have mean outlet temperatures of 161.4°C and 145.4°C, respectively, indicating that they discharge superheated (dry) gas mixtures. Water (688,900 to 873,100 μmol/mol) and CO2 (125,000 to 308,700 μmol/mol) constitute together 99.3 to 100 mol % of these fluids, which can be considered binary CO2-H2O gas mixtures to a first approximation. Therefore, first of all, the main characteristics of the binary CO2-H2O system were summarized in this chapter. Although a general review of the equations of state (EOS) is beyond the scope of this book, an excursus on this topic was deemed necessary to contextualize the three distinct approaches adopted to evaluate the deviations from the ideal gas behavior of H2O and CO2 as well as the effects of steam condensation during the isenthalpic expansion of Bocca Grande and Bocca Nuova fluids, namely, the EOS of Gallagher et al. (1993), the GERG-2008 EOS together with the virial EOS, and the Peng-Robinson EOS. It turned out that deviations from ideality cannot be neglected at temperatures higher than 195-210°C and pressures greater than 15-30 bar approximately. The Peng-Robinson EOS was also used to compute the fugacity coefficients not only of H2O and CO2 but also of H2, CH4, and CO in the gas mixtures with CO2 mole fraction of 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40. Calculations were performed separately for the ternary mixtures H2O-CO2-H2, H2O-CO2-CH4, and H2O-CO2-CO, adopting the mean concentrations of H2, CH4, and CO of Solfatara fumarolic fluids and computing the H2O mole fraction by difference to unity. Fugacity coefficients were calculated (i) at the P,T conditions of the isenthalpic expansion path, (ii) at the P,T conditions fixed by coexistence of the vapor phase with a brine containing either 21 wt% or 33.5 wt% NaCl, and (iii) for the linear P-T decompression path, that is, assuming that total fluid pressure and temperature increase linearly from the critical point of water to the values of the magmatic endmember M1 of Caliro et al. (2014), 2879 bar and 1120°C. In all these decompression paths, the fugacity coefficients of non-polar gases increase with increasing P,T deviating gradually from unity, whereas the fugacity coefficient of H2O decreases with increasing P,T, departing progressively from one. The ensuing practical implication is that the analytical mole fraction ratios of carbon gases may be utilized in geothermometric-geobarometric functions without incurring excessive errors, whereas use of the analytical H2/H2O mole fraction ratio leads to significant errors in computed equilibrium temperatures and pressures. ■■■" @default.
- W4285177539 created "2022-07-14" @default.
- W4285177539 creator A5031703347 @default.
- W4285177539 creator A5069393136 @default.
- W4285177539 creator A5075747721 @default.
- W4285177539 date "2022-01-01" @default.
- W4285177539 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W4285177539 title "The Expansion (Decompression) of the Solfatara Fumarolic Fluids" @default.
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