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- W4285192405 abstract "Extraction of helium from natural, carbon dioxide and nitrogen rich gas streams is seemingly a simple process involving cryogenics and/or pressure swing adsorption methods. These facilities are typically very expensive. The extraction methods are the major economic cost for any helium project. The simplest gas composition for economic helium extraction is the element is associated with a pure nitrogen gas stream. The nitrogen gas waste from processing, can be released into the atmosphere with no environmental impact. Complex processing is required when carbon dioxide and methane are present requiring disposal or sale of one or both gas streams. Carbon dioxide and methane can no longer be vented into the atmosphere because of environmental concerns. Methane is typically sold into a pipeline but in some areas no pipeline maybe available complicating economics and waste disposal. Waste carbon dioxide in certain areas can be used for enhanced oil recovery but typically has to be disposed of properly. Carbon dioxide in some areas is the main product and helium is actually a waste or secondary product. Hydrogen sulfide, trace metals also present need to be removed and adds to the cost of extracting helium from any gas stream. The cost and potential complexity of any helium extraction facility, the uncertainty of the actual reserves of the helium deposit, prior to production, always present an major economic risk and requires careful evaluation." @default.
- W4285192405 created "2022-07-14" @default.
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- W4285192405 date "2022-01-01" @default.
- W4285192405 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W4285192405 title "Processing procedures to extract helium, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide" @default.
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- W4285192405 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-90988-4.00001-3" @default.
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