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- W4285292018 abstract "Knowledge of Oncologic emergencies can help in management of these potential life or limb threatening conditions. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is one of the commonest causes of hyponatremia in cancer patients. Patients are typically euvolemic or hypervolemic with decreased serum osmolarity and increased urine osmolality and urine sodium. In patients with severe symptomatic hyponatremia, goal is to increase the serum sodium by 5 mmol/Lin first hour by infusing 100–150 mL of 3% saline over 20 min. Further management of SIADH include fluid restriction, addition of salt to increase osmotic load and vasopressin antagonist like Tolvaptan. Hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) is most commonly due to over-secretion of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) from malignant tumors. Due to the markedly elevated calcium levels, patients with HCM often have severe symptoms needing urgent treatment in the form of intravenous hydration followed by Calcitonin and Bisphosphonates. HCM is associated with poor outcome even if treatment options are available. Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is caused due to either intraluminal or extraluminal compression of Superior vena cava (SVC). Possibility of airway edema leading to difficult airway, risk for development of cerebral edema should be kept in mind. Intravenous access in upper limb should be avoided. Treatment depends on severity of symports and underlying pathology. Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is one of the most common cause of Hyperviscosity syndrome (HVS). Symptoms are due to tissue hypoperfusion due to sluggish microcirculation needing intravenous hydration and plasmapheresis. Hyperleukocytosis is total leucocyte count more than 100 × 109/L with increased risk for tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and leukostasis. Symptomatic hyperleukocytosis or leukostasis occurs when there is tissue hypoperfusion due to extremely elevated leucocyte or blast cell count. It is common in myelomonocytic and monocytic Acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) and rare in Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Induction chemotherapy and leucopheresis is generally required. Malignant Spinal cord compression (MSCC) is a potentially devasting condition in which blood circulation or the function of spinal cord is jeopardized due to tumor. Patients with fractured or unstable spine, bony retropulsion and need for excision biopsy generally undergo decompressive surgery. Stereotactic Radiotherapy is indicated if there is no compelling indication for surgery and tumor is radiosensitive." @default.
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- W4285292018 date "2022-01-01" @default.
- W4285292018 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
- W4285292018 title "Management of Oncologic Emergencies" @default.
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- W4285292018 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9929-0_29" @default.
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