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- W4285394059 abstract "HomePlant DiseaseAhead of PrintFirst Report of Leaf Anthracnose on the Whorled Sunflower, Helianthus verticillatus, Caused by Colletotrichum fioriniae in the United States PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Leaf Anthracnose on the Whorled Sunflower, Helianthus verticillatus, Caused by Colletotrichum fioriniae in the United StatesM. E. Odoi, A. J. Onufrak, J. R. Kosiewska, A. Arnwine, R. Holbert, S. L. Boggess, E. C. Bernard, D. Hadziabdic, and R. N. TrigianoM. E. Odoi†Corresponding authors: M. E. Odoi; E-mail Address: modoi@vols.utk.edu, and D. Hadziabdic; E-mail Address: dhadziab@utk.eduDepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996Search for more papers by this author, A. J. OnufrakDepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996Search for more papers by this author, J. R. KosiewskaDepartment of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996Search for more papers by this author, A. ArnwineUnion County High School, Maynardville, TN 37807Search for more papers by this author, R. HolbertJefferson County High School, Dandridge, TN 37725Search for more papers by this author, S. L. BoggessDepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996Search for more papers by this author, E. C. BernardDepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996Search for more papers by this author, D. Hadziabdic†Corresponding authors: M. E. Odoi; E-mail Address: modoi@vols.utk.edu, and D. Hadziabdic; E-mail Address: dhadziab@utk.eduhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1991-2563Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996Search for more papers by this author, and R. N. Trigianohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7264-1822Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996Search for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations M. E. Odoi1 † A. J. Onufrak1 J. R. Kosiewska2 A. Arnwine3 R. Holbert4 S. L. Boggess1 E. C. Bernard1 D. Hadziabdic1 † R. N. Trigiano1 1Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 2Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 3Union County High School, Maynardville, TN 37807 4Jefferson County High School, Dandridge, TN 37725 Published Online:12 Feb 2023https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-22-1286-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleWhorled sunflower, Helianthus verticillatus Small, is an endangered (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2014) perennial sunflower species indigenous to the southern United States (Ellis et al. 2008; Matthews et al. 2002). Helianthus verticillatus has a showy yellow floral display in the fall that attracts a diversity of insect visitors (Strange et al. 2020). Its hardiness in the landscape and late-season blooming make it a potential ornamental (Trigiano et al. 2021). In June 2021, anthracnose-like lesions were observed on mature leaves collected from potted H. verticillatus plants grown in the nursery compound at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States. Irregularly shaped leaf spots with 1 to 2 mm tan centers were observed on mature leaves, which later expanded to 3 to 5 mm, and became dark brown to black, surrounded by chlorotic halos. Lesions from three infected leaves were excised from a single potted plant, trimmed to 1.5-cm squares with green borders, and surface-sterilized (Trigiano et al. 2018). Tissues were placed onto potato dextrose agar (PDA), amended with 100 mg/ml of both streptomycin sulfate and chlorotetracycline, and incubated at 21°C in the dark until axenic cultures were obtained. Initially, appressed white to pale gray mycelia were formed that turned light pinkish-orange with age. Conidia were single-celled, hyaline, and cylindrical to fusiform with acute ends, and were similar to Colletotrichum fioriniae (Damm et al. 2012). Conidia measured 8.9 ± 1.3 μm long and 3.3 ± 0.6 μm wide (n = 40). Genomic DNA was isolated with a Phire Direct Plant PCR kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). The partial beta-tubulin (TUB2) gene, chitin synthase 1 (CHS-1) gene, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene, and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA were amplified with primers T1/BT2B, CHS-354R/CHS-79F, GDF1/GDR1, and ITS1/ITS4, respectively, and sequenced (Damm et al. 2012). The resulting sequences were submitted to GenBank (TUB2, ON036471; CHS-1, ON036472; GAPDH, ON036470; and ITS, ON008206). Consensus sequences had 100% identity with C. fioriniae type culture CBS 128517 accessions JQ949943 (TUB2), JQ948953 (CHS-1), JQ948622 (GAPDH), and MH865005 (ITS rDNA). Because H. verticillatus is endangered and available plant material is scarce, Koch’s postulates were performed using a detached leaf assay (Boggess et al. 2022). Six healthy leaves were surface sterilized using the previously described protocol, longitudinally bisected, and placed on 1.5% water agar in three 15 × 100 mm Petri dishes. Three half leaves were inoculated with sterile, 5 mm-diameter PDA plugs (controls). The remaining three leaves were inoculated with 5 mm-diameter PDA plugs of C. fioriniae and incubated as described previously. After 10 days, necrotic lesions developed on leaves inoculated with C. fioriniae and were similar to the initially observed lesions on plants. Lesions did not develop on control leaves. C. fioriniae was reisolated from lesions using the previously described protocol. The disease does not appear to cause mortality of H. verticillatus and does not require control measures but does reduce the aesthetic value of the plant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. fioriniae infecting H. verticillatus in the United States.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Boggess, S. L., et al. 2022. Plant Dis. 106:2266. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-21-2568-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarDamm, U., et al. 2012. Stud. Mycol. 73:37. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0010 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarEllis, J. R., et al. 2008. Heredity 100:574. https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2008.11 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarMatthews, J. F., et al. 2002. Castanea 67:13. Google ScholarStrange, N. C., et al. 2020. HortScience 55:1980. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15394-20 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarTrigiano, R. N., et al. 2018. Plant Dis. 102:2380. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-18-0388-PDN Link, Google ScholarTrigiano, R. N., et al. 2021. Plant Dis. 106:1985. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-21-2496-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2014. Fed. Regist. 79:44635. Google ScholarFunding: Funding was provided by National Agricultural Statistics Service (grant no. NACA 58-6062-6).The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Just PublishedSubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Published: 12 Feb 2023First Look: 13 Jul 2022Accepted: 6 Jul 2022 Information© 2023 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingNational Agricultural Statistics ServiceGrant/Award Number: NACA 58-6062-6KeywordsColletotrichum fioriniaeendangered plantHelianthus verticillatusleaf anthracnosewhorled sunflowerThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF download" @default.
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- W4285394059 title "First Report of Leaf Anthracnose on the Whorled Sunflower, <i>Helianthus verticillatus</i>, Caused by <i>Colletotrichum fioriniae</i> in the United States" @default.
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