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• W4285528443 abstract "Background: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease that can progress to severe hypoxemia with cases reaching more than 235 million cases worldwide until November 2021. The association with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and smoking habits are both very common globally and may increase the severity of COVID-19. However, it has not been elucidated. Given the gaps in evidence and the increasing prevalence of COVID-19, this study aimed to examine the influence of COPD and smoking habits on the severity of COVID-19 patients. Subjects and Method : This meta-analysis study was conducted with PICO as follows: Popula­tion is COVID-19 Patients. Interventions are Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and smoking habits. Comparison in the form of not having COPD and not smoking. Outcome in the form of severity of COVID-19 patients. Meta-analysis study sources were accessed using: Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The keywords used are “COVID-19” AND “COPD”, “COVID-19” OR “COPD”, “COVID-19” AND “Smoking”, “COVID-19” OR “Smoking”, “COVID-19” AND “COPD” OR “Smoking”, “COPD” AND “Smoking” AND “Severity of COVID-19 Patients”. The inclusion criteria in this study were full-text and cross-sectional designs, articles reporting the Odds Ratio (OR) score and in English. The articles that have been collected were selected using the PRISMA flow diagram. The qualitative synthesis of data was tested using the Review Manager application (RevMan 5.3). Results: The results of a meta-analysis in 11 cross-sectional studies showed that COVID-19 patients with COPD had a 3.77 times higher risk of experiencing COVID-19 severity compared to those without COPD (aOR= 3.77; 95% CI= 2.49 to 5.69; p<0.001) and covid patients with smoking habits have a risk of experiencing the severity of COVID-19 by 2.70 times higher compared to patients without smoking habits (aOR= 2.70; CI 95%= 1.99 to 3.66; p<0.001). Conclusion: COPD and smoking habits increase the risk of severity in COVID-19 patients. Keywords: COVID-19, COPD, Smoking habits. Correspondence: Gigih Cita Pambudi. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: gigihcitap@gmail.com. Mobile: 082126­655884. Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2021), 06(04): 415-425 https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2021.06.04.03." @default.
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• W4285528443 date "2021-01-01" @default.
• W4285528443 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W4285528443 title "A Meta-Analysis of Correlations between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Smoking, and Severity of COVID-19" @default.
• W4285528443 doi "https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2021.06.04.03." @default.
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