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• W4285598521 abstract "first_page settings Order Article Reprints Font Type: Arial Georgia Verdana Font Size: Aa Aa Aa Line Spacing:    Column Width:    Background: Open AccessAbstract Evaluation of Natural Materials as Adsorbents of Probe Molecules † by Cláudio Cassavela and Paulo Mourão * Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Universidade de Évora, MED, IIFA, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. † Presented at the Materiais 2022, Marinha Grande, Portugal, 10–13 April 2022. Mater. Proc. 2022, 8(1), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2022008132 Published: 11 July 2022 (This article belongs to the Proceedings of MATERIAIS 2022) Download Download PDF Download PDF with Cover Download XML Download Epub Browse Figure Versions Notes Keywords: natural materials; adsorption; dye; pesticide; drug Adsorption processes are widely used for the removal of a very diverse range of molecules [1,2,3]. This work presents a study on the use of natural adsorbents for the removal of model molecules (dyes, pesticides and drugs). The molecules studied were methylene blue, yellow 17 acid, 4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), 4-nitrophenol and diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) in aqueous solution. The natural adsorbents studied were materials of vegetal and mineral origin, namely Angolan nuati and njilite woods, wood pellets, the minerals perlite, vermiculite, and expanded clay, natural charcoal and lignocellulosic ash. Although activated carbon is one of the preferred adsorbents for the removal of these types of molecules, its use is dependent on its relatively high cost. Therefore, the search for alternative, non-conventional and low-cost adsorbents is a matter of interest. This work is part of this effort, and evaluates aspects such as the removal of specific molecules and adsorption mechanisms, including kinetics, the determination of equilibrium isotherms, and the influence of experimental parameters such as: adsorbent mass/solution volume ratio, pH of the adsorption medium, and acid and basic adsorbent modification.The acidic or basic nature of an adsorbent can significantly influence its adsorption capacity. To evaluate this possible effect, the studied materials were subjected to an acidic and basic modification, Figure 1, and their adsorption capacity for selected molecules was compared with the corresponding values already obtained with initial concentrations of adsorptive molecules in the case of the original unmodified materials.These modifications caused changes in porous structure, surface chemistry, chemical nature (acid, neutral or basic), shape, colour, stability, and consequently also in elemental chemical composition. The results obtained in this study indicate that some of raw materials are potential adsorbents in their unmodified form, while others allow the removal of model molecules only when modified. It should be noted that this work follows a circular economy approach based on the use of adsorbent materials of natural and renewable origin. Author ContributionsConceptualization, P.M.; methodology, P.M.; validation, P.M.; investigation, P.M. and C.C.; writing—original draft preparation, P.M. and C.C.; writing—review and editing, P.M.; supervision, P.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.FundingThis research received no external funding.Institutional Review Board StatementNot applicable.Informed Consent StatementNot applicable.Data Availability StatementNot applicable.Conflicts of InterestThe authors declare no conflict of interest.ReferencesTchikuala, E.F.; Mourão, P.A.M.; Nabais, J.M.V. Activated carbons from angolan wood wastes for the adsorption of MCPA pesticide. In WASTES—Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities II; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2017; p. 311. [Google Scholar]Gomes, J.A.F.L.; Azaruja, B.A.; Mourão, P.A.M. From MDF and PB wastes to adsorbents for the removal of pollutants. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2016, 380, 119. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]Carrott, P.J.M.; Mourão, P.A.M.; Ribeiro Carrott, M.M.L.; Gonçalves, E.M. Separating surface and solvent effects and the notion of critical adsorption energy in the adsorption of phenolic compounds by activated carbons. Langmuir 2005, 21, 11863. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] Figure 1. Example of an unmodified lignocellulosic adsorbent (A), and modified acid (B) and basic adsorbents (C). Figure 1. Example of an unmodified lignocellulosic adsorbent (A), and modified acid (B) and basic adsorbents (C). Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Share and Cite MDPI and ACS Style Cassavela, C.; Mourão, P. Evaluation of Natural Materials as Adsorbents of Probe Molecules. Mater. Proc. 2022, 8, 132. https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2022008132 AMA Style Cassavela C, Mourão P. Evaluation of Natural Materials as Adsorbents of Probe Molecules. Materials Proceedings. 2022; 8(1):132. https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2022008132 Chicago/Turabian Style Cassavela, Cláudio, and Paulo Mourão. 2022. Evaluation of Natural Materials as Adsorbents of Probe Molecules Materials Proceedings 8, no. 1: 132. https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2022008132 Find Other Styles Article Metrics No No Article Access Statistics Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view." @default.
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