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• W4286600540 endingPage "272" @default.
• W4286600540 startingPage "215" @default.
• W4286600540 abstract "This chapter is devoted to the fundamentals of quantum key distribution (QKD). The chapter begins with a description of key differences between conventional cryptography and QKD. In the section on QKD basics, we review various types of QKD. We then describe two fundamental theorems on which QKD relies: the no-cloning theorem and the theorem of the inability to unambiguously distinguish nonorthogonal quantum states. In the section on discrete-variable QKD (DV-QKD) systems, we describe BB84, B92, Ekert (E91), Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR), and time-phase encoding protocols. In the section on QKD security, the secret-key rate (SKR) is represented as the product of the raw key rate and fractional rate. A generic expression for fractional rate is provided, followed by a description of different eavesdropping strategies, including individual, collective, coherent, and quantum hacking/side-channel attacks. For individual and coherent attacks, corresponding secret fraction expressions are provided. Decoy-state protocols are then described together with the corresponding SKR calculation. Next, key concepts for measurement-device-independent QKD (MDI-QKD) protocols are introduced, including polarization-based and time-phase encoding-based MDI-QKD protocols as well as secrecy fraction calculations. Further, twin-field QKD protocols are described, and their performance is evaluated against decoy-state and MDI-QKD protocols. The focus then moves to information reconciliation and privacy amplification steps. In the section on continuous-variable QKD (CV-QKD) protocols, homodyne and heterodyne detection schemes are described first, followed by a brief description of squeezed state-based protocols. Coherent states are much easier to generate and manipulate, so coherent state-based protocols are described in detail. For lossy transmission channels, corresponding covariance matrices are derived for homodyne and coherent detections schemes, followed by SKR derivation for prepare-and-measure Gaussian modulation-based CV-QKD. Some illustrative SKR results are provided for Gaussian modulation-based CV-QKD schemes." @default.
• W4286600540 created "2022-07-22" @default.
• W4286600540 creator A5075427767 @default.
• W4286600540 date "2022-01-01" @default.
• W4286600540 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W4286600540 title "Quantum key distribution" @default.
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