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• W4288045210 abstract "Producing context-appropriate motor acts requires integrating multiple sensory modalities. Presynaptic inhibition of proprioceptive afferent neurons1Rudomin P. Schmidt R.F. Presynaptic inhibition in the vertebrate spinal cord revisited.Exp. Brain Res. 1999; 129: 1-37Crossref PubMed Scopus (594) Google Scholar, 2Stein W. Schmitz J. Multimodal convergence of presynaptic afferent inhibition in insect proprioceptors.J. Neurophysiol. 1999; 82: 512-514Crossref PubMed Scopus (26) Google Scholar, 3Fink A.J. Croce K.R. Huang Z.J. Abbott L.F. Jessell T.M. Azim E. Presynaptic inhibition of spinal sensory feedback ensures smooth movement.Nature. 2014; 509: 43-48https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13276Crossref PubMed Scopus (153) Google Scholar, 4Clarac F. Cattaert D. Invertebrate presynaptic inhibition and motor control.Exp. Brain Res. 1996; 112: 163-180Crossref PubMed Scopus (61) Google Scholar and afferents of different modalities targeting the same motor neurons (MNs)5Gebehart C. Büschges A. Temporal differences between load and movement signal integration in the sensorimotor network of an insect Leg.J. Neurophysiol. 2021; 126: 1875-1890https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00399.2021Crossref PubMed Scopus (2) Google Scholar, 6Schmitz J. Stein W. Convergence of load and movement information onto leg motoneurons in insects.J. Neurobiol. 2000; 42: 424-436Crossref PubMed Scopus (26) Google Scholar, 7Burrows M. The Neurobiology of An Insect Brain. Oxford University Press, 1996https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198523444.001.0001Crossref Google Scholar underlies some of this integration. However, in most systems, an interneuronal network is interposed between sensory afferents and MNs. How these networks contribute to this integration, particularly at single-neuron resolution, is little understood. Context-specific integration of load and movement sensory inputs occurs in the stick insect locomotory system,6Schmitz J. Stein W. Convergence of load and movement information onto leg motoneurons in insects.J. Neurobiol. 2000; 42: 424-436Crossref PubMed Scopus (26) Google Scholar,8Gebehart C. Schmidt J. Büschges A. Distributed processing of load and movement feedback in the premotor network controlling an insect leg joint.J. Neurophysiol. 2021; 125: 1800-1813https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00090.2021Crossref PubMed Scopus (0) Google Scholar, 9Bässler U. Reversal of a reflex to a single motoneuron in the stick insect Carausius morosus∗.Biol. Cybern. 1976; 24: 47-49Crossref Scopus (89) Google Scholar, 10Driesang R.B. Büschges A. Physiological changes in central neuronal pathways contributing to the generation of a reflex reversal.J. Comp. Physiol. A. 1996; 179: 45-57Crossref Scopus (35) Google Scholar, 11Hellekes K. Blincow E. Hoffmann J. Büschges A. Control of reflex reversal in stick insect walking: effects of intersegmental signals, changes in direction, and optomotor-induced turning.J. Neurophysiol. 2012; 107: 239-249https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00718.2011Crossref PubMed Scopus (49) Google Scholar, 12Akay T. Ludwar B.C. Göritz M.L. Schmitz J. Büschges A. Segment specificity of load signal processing depends on walking direction in the stick insect leg muscle control system.J. Neurosci. 2007; 27: 3285-3294https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5202-06.2007Crossref PubMed Scopus (74) Google Scholar and both inputs feed into a network of premotor nonspiking interneurons (NSIs).8Gebehart C. Schmidt J. Büschges A. Distributed processing of load and movement feedback in the premotor network controlling an insect leg joint.J. Neurophysiol. 2021; 125: 1800-1813https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00090.2021Crossref PubMed Scopus (0) Google Scholar We analyzed how load altered movement signal processing in the stick insect femur-tibia (FTi) joint control system by tracing the interaction of FTi movement13Bidaye S.S. Bockemühl T. Büschges A. Six-legged walking in insects: how CPGs, peripheral feedback, and descending signals generate coordinated and adaptive motor rhythms.J. Neurophysiol. 2018; 119: 459-475https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00658.2017Crossref PubMed Scopus (90) Google Scholar, 14Field L.H. Matheson T. Chordotonal organs of insects.in: Evans P. Adv. Insect Physiol. Academic Press, 1998: 1-228Crossref Scopus (281) Google Scholar, 15Tuthill J.C. Wilson R.I. Mechanosensation and adaptive motor control in insects.Curr. Biol. 2016; 26: R1022-R1038https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.070Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (134) Google Scholar (femoral chordotonal organ [fCO]) and load13Bidaye S.S. Bockemühl T. Büschges A. Six-legged walking in insects: how CPGs, peripheral feedback, and descending signals generate coordinated and adaptive motor rhythms.J. Neurophysiol. 2018; 119: 459-475https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00658.2017Crossref PubMed Scopus (90) Google Scholar,15Tuthill J.C. Wilson R.I. Mechanosensation and adaptive motor control in insects.Curr. Biol. 2016; 26: R1022-R1038https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.070Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (134) Google Scholar,16Zill S. Schmitz J. Büschges A. Load sensing and control of posture and locomotion.Arthropod Struct. Dev. 2004; 33: 273-286https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2004.05.005Crossref PubMed Scopus (143) Google Scholar (tibial campaniform sensilla [CS]) signals through the NSI network to the slow extensor tibiae (SETi) MN, the extensor MN primarily active in non-walking animals.17Bässler U. The femur-tibia control system of stick insects - a model system for the study of the neural basis of joint control.Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 1993; 18: 207-226Crossref PubMed Scopus (110) Google Scholar, 18Kittmann R. Neural mechanisms of adaptive gain control in a joint control loop: muscle force and motoneuronal activity.J. Exp. Biol. 1997; 200: 1383-1402Crossref PubMed Google Scholar, 19Büschges A. Kittmann R. Schmitz J. Identified nonspiking interneurons in leg reflexes and during walking in the stick insect.J. Comp. Physiol. 1994; 174: 685-700Crossref Scopus (62) Google Scholar On the afferent level, load reduced movement signal gain by presynaptic inhibition. In the NSI network, graded responses to movement and load inputs summed nonlinearly, increasing the gain of NSIs opposing movement-induced reflexes and thus decreasing the SETi and extensor tibiae muscle movement reflex responses. Gain modulation was movement-parameter specific and required presynaptic inhibition. These data suggest that gain changes in distributed premotor networks, specifically the relative weighting of antagonistic pathways, could be a general mechanism by which multiple sensory modalities are integrated to generate context-appropriate motor activity." @default.
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• W4288045210 date "2022-09-01" @default.
• W4288045210 modified "2023-10-10" @default.
• W4288045210 title "Non-linear multimodal integration in a distributed premotor network controls proprioceptive reflex gain in the insect leg" @default.
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