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• W428949863 abstract "YURIY MALIKOV, Tsars, Cossacks, and Nomads: The Formation of a Borderland Culture in Northern Kazakhstan in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries (Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, 2011), Studien zum Modernen Orient 18, Pp. 321, £ 39.80 paperThe subject matter of this book is contained in the subtitle. Clearly based on a doctoral thesis, the book consists of a detailed and exhaustive documentation of the subject, which is-like the mainly Russian archival sources on which it is based- unfamiliar to this reviewer, who undertook the task knowing only the main title and having written on just that troika in the rather different context of the Russian with Iran west of the Caspian Sea. But the general argument, and the frame in which the material is located are of wider interest.The frame is the nature of the between the forces of an imperial power and the natives of the lands into which they are expanding, specifically between the Siberian Cossacks and the Kazakh nomads of northern and eastern parts of today's Kazakhstan.Tsars, Cossacks and Nomads opens with an introduction that reviews Theories of the Frontier. A wide range of earlier historians and contemporary politicians have viewed frontiers as barriers to contact and zones of conflict between distinct and irreconcilable cultures. Malikov defends, and develops with overwhelming evidence, the revisionist interpretation that frontiers are, on the contrary, borderlands where a distinctive hybrid frontier society is formed. The two opposed arguments were developed largely in the context of the American West, but the historiography of the Russian East, especially the Caucasus and Siberia, appears to have followed a somewhat similar course. Malikov traces the different interpretations-and political agendas-of pre-Soviet Russian, early Soviet, postwar Soviet, post-Soviet Kazakhstani nationalist and post-Soviet Russian historians and asks particularly why Russian and Kazakh historians have created a series of myths about the supposed barrier between Siberian Cossacks and Kazakhs.The main body of the book is a series of chapters that examine each of these myths in turn, finding that the archival evidence does not support them and that the only possible conclusion is that such a barrier did not exist between the Cossacks and the Kazakh nomads until the final decades of the Russian Empire.In the conclusion, Malikov helpfully summarizes the myths and realities that he has established. For instance, one modern nationalistic myth is that the Cossacks and the Kazakhs were foreign to each other in faith, language and traditions: central to Cossack identity were Orthodox Christianity, Russianness and peasant agriculture, while the Kazakhs were essentially Muslim pastoral nomads. In fact, the Cossack population was very mixed culturally, religiously, and racially. In many areas half of all Cossacks were Kazakh by origin, not all Cossacks were Orthodox, and those that were knew little of their religion. The Kazakhs, though Islam was deeply rooted in their culture, did not consider it central to their relations with the Russians. Most historians have depicted the Cossacks as loyal and reliable servants of the Tsar, but they were poorly paid and usually pursued their own interests rather than those of the state. Many of them, for various reasons, adopted Kazakh customs, and some took refuge among the nomads in the steppe. …" @default.
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• W428949863 title "Tsars, Cossacks, and Nomads: The Formation of a Borderland Culture in Northern Kazakhstan in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries" @default.
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