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- W4293750976 abstract "Abstract During the thirteenth century bce, Ramses II brought Egypt to new heights of wealth, while Elamite kings claimed the right to rule Babylon, and the Middle Assyrian empire expanded through conquests. After an indecisive battle between Hatti and Egypt at Kadesh, the Hittite monarchs—Hattusili III and queen Puduhepa—negotiated a peace treaty and diplomatic marriage with Ramses II. The treaty committed the two lands to peaceful brotherhood and mutual support. A letter from Puduhepa to Ramses II reveals her negotiating tactics. Other letters reflect Hattusili III’s concerns about Assyrian aggression. Ugarit, a busy port in coastal Syria, was subject to Hatti. Urtenu, a sea trader there, was closely tied to the local royal family; many of their archival letters were found in his house. He worked for a sea trading firm run by a queen of Ugarit. Shipwrecks have revealed the types of ships used and the cargos carried. By 1200, a growing grain shortage was causing famine. Emar’s government is described, along with details of its major religious festival, the zukru. A family in Emar headed by a couple named Ku’e and Zadamma give a face to the growing crisis. They had four very small children, whom they could not afford to support, deciding to sell the children in order to survive. Many cities were destroyed in the early twelfth century bce across the Near East, some probably by the Sea Peoples who also fought in Egypt, others by different forces. Famine and drought contributed to the disruptions." @default.
- W4293750976 created "2022-08-31" @default.
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- W4293750976 date "2022-12-15" @default.
- W4293750976 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W4293750976 title "Negotiators, Sea Traders, and Famine Sufferers" @default.
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- W4293750976 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190059040.003.0016" @default.
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