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- W4293842423 endingPage "112867" @default.
- W4293842423 startingPage "112867" @default.
- W4293842423 abstract "The relationship between macroeconomic factors and environmental pollution has been widely researched during the last two decades. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) has been investigated in a number of nations. However, the empirical research concentrating on evaluating two different environmental proxies for ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian) countries has not been done earlier. Furthermore, the majority of studies considered first-generation econometric approaches since they fail to account for cross-sectional dependency in their estimation. For this intention, the study used the second generation: CADF and CIPS unit root tests, Westerlund cointegration test, fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) to reinvestigate the EKC hypothesis in ASEAN nations between 1991 and 2016, examining two EKC specifications and comparing the validity of the EKC for consumption-based emissions (CO 2 emission) and footprint-based emissions (ecological footprint). The empirical findings indicate that: (i) when using the EF, ‘the inverted U-shaped hypothesis’ is valid in ASEAN; on the contrary, when using the CO 2 emissions, the ‘inverted U-shaped hypothesis’ is not valid in these countries; (ii) Non-renewable energy (NREC) has a significantly positive effect on EF and CO 2 emissions whereas renewable energy consumption (REC) decreases environmental pollution in these countries; (iii) Unidirectional causality is reported between economic growth and environmental degradation while a bidirectional relationship is found between NREC and EF. A Significant policy recommendation is highlighted for ASEAN countries to encourage the consumption of renewable energy to lower CO 2 emissions in the future and more efforts are needed to maintain the environmental sustainability. • This study investigates the validity of the EKC hypothesis using two different indicators of environmental quality: ecological footprint (EF) and CO 2 emissions for ASEAN. • The findings show that the EKC hypothesis is valid for the EF proxy. • The EKC hypothesis does not hold for the CO 2 emission. • Negative effects of the renewable and positive effects of non-renewable energy are found." @default.
- W4293842423 created "2022-08-31" @default.
- W4293842423 creator A5068087106 @default.
- W4293842423 date "2022-10-01" @default.
- W4293842423 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W4293842423 title "Re-visiting the Environmental Kuznets curve for ASEAN: A comparison between ecological footprint and carbon dioxide emissions" @default.
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- W4293842423 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112867" @default.
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