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- W4294767100 endingPage "1648" @default.
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- W4294767100 abstract "<p indent=0mm>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small <sc>(30–1000 nm)</sc> membrane-enclosed vesicles produced by cells for the purpose of communication and environment manipulation. Despite their biological and clinical relevance only being realized within the past <sc>15 years,</sc> they are already considered to be one of the most critical factors in cell-cell communication, cancer-host modulation, and other dynamic processes. However, their small size, fragility, and tendancy to aggregate make them challenging samples to be studied by traditional analytical chemistry techniques. Currently the majority of EV characterization takes the form of “bulk analysis” where millions or billions of EVs are pooled to provide enough sample for downstream analysis. However, there is a recent trend, driven by the increasing appreciation for EV heterogeneity, for characterization methods that can study individual EVs. In this review, we survey several optical and non-optical methods for single-EV characterization without labels, including Raman spectroscopy, plasmonic techniques, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and electron microscopy. Results show that single-vesicle techniques can provide a wealth of information beyond that obtained by traditional bulk analysis methods, with strong prospects for future fundamental discoveries in biology and medicine." @default.
- W4294767100 created "2022-09-06" @default.
- W4294767100 creator A5005402611 @default.
- W4294767100 creator A5014329711 @default.
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- W4294767100 creator A5049789827 @default.
- W4294767100 creator A5074651441 @default.
- W4294767100 creator A5089201471 @default.
- W4294767100 date "2022-09-01" @default.
- W4294767100 modified "2023-10-02" @default.
- W4294767100 title "Recent progress in label-free techniques for characterization of extracellular vesicle heterogeneity" @default.
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