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- W4295066973 abstract "Dynamical simulation of the cascade failures on the Europe and United States (U.S.) high-voltage power grids has been done via solving the second-order Kuramoto equation. We show that synchronization transition happens by increasing the global coupling parameter $K$ with metasatble states depending on the initial conditions so that hysteresis loops occur. We provide analytic results for the time dependence of frequency spread in the large-$K$ approximation and by comparing it with numerics of $d=2,3$ lattices, we find agreement in the case of ordered initial conditions. However, different power-law (PL) tails occur, when the fluctuations are strong. After thermalizing the systems we allow a single line cut failure and follow the subsequent overloads with respect to threshold values $T$. The PDFs $p({N}_{f})$ of the cascade failures exhibit PL tails near the synchronization transition point ${K}_{c}$. Near ${K}_{c}$ the exponents of the PLs for the U.S. power grid vary with $T$ as $1.4ensuremath{le}ensuremath{tau}ensuremath{le}2.1$, in agreement with the empirical blackout statistics, while on the Europe power grid we find somewhat steeper PLs characterized by $1.4ensuremath{le}ensuremath{tau}ensuremath{le}2.4$. Below ${K}_{c}$, we find signatures of $T$-dependent PLs, caused by frustrated synchronization, reminiscent of Griffiths effects. Here we also observe stability growth following the blackout cascades, similar to intentional islanding, but for $K>{K}_{c}$ this does not happen. For $T<{T}_{c}$, bumps appear in the PDFs with large mean values, known as ``dragon king'' blackout events. We also analyze the delaying or stabilizing effects of instantaneous feedback or increased dissipation and show how local synchronization behaves on geographic maps." @default.
- W4295066973 created "2022-09-10" @default.
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- W4295066973 date "2022-09-09" @default.
- W4295066973 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W4295066973 title "Synchronization dynamics on power grids in Europe and the United States" @default.
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- W4295066973 doi "https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.106.034311" @default.
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