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- W4295647510 abstract "Rare earth elements (REEs) are now considered critical raw materials due to their economic importance and possible supply risk. To meet the future demand, explorations for REEs are currently active worldwide. In the Philippines, the REE potential of different mineral deposits was evaluated by examining the existing literature combined with new geochemical data. Elevated ∑REEs+Sc + Y levels are reported in Erawan beach (∼600 ppm), Samar bauxites (∼500 ppm), El Nido ion adsorption clay (∼300 ppm), Ombo beach (∼300 ppm), and Eastern Samar bauxites (∼200 ppm). The similarities in the heavy REEs, Sc, and Y contents of Samar bauxite and other karstic bauxites in Spain, China, Turkey, and Montenegro suggest that it has the potential to be REE source in the Philippines. The comparability of Ce, Sm, Dy, Er, Tm, and Y contents of El Nido Ion Adsorption Clay (IAC) deposit to the cut-off grades of these REEs in southern China implies that this deposit could be an alternative source of these REEs. The Sc contents of Pulang Daga and Zambales Ni laterites (∼70–80 ppm) higher than the cut-off grade for Ni laterite deposits in China and Australia suggest that mining Sc from these deposits could be profitable. The limitation in current processing technology makes the REE extraction in allanite-rich Erawan and Ombo beaches economically unviable under the current economic conditions. Developing bauxite, IAC, and Ni laterite deposits into REE mines could face challenges like high electricity costs and government environmental policies. The low REE contents of other Philippine deposits such as Leyte phosphogypsum, San Vicente granite, Isabela coal, Didipio alkaline rocks, La Union beach placer, Panganiban and Mt. Labo skarns, Santo Tomas II porphyry Cu, Paracale epithermal Au, Ilocos Norte feldspar, and Rapu-Rapu VMS makes the REE beneficiation for these deposits impractical for now. Future developments in extractive REE metallurgy may transform these presently uneconomic REE resources of the Philippines to be viable REE ores for the domestic and global market." @default.
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- W4295647510 date "2022-11-01" @default.
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- W4295647510 title "The rare earth element (REE) potential of the Philippines" @default.
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- W4295647510 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2022.107082" @default.
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