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- W4295845809 endingPage "4444" @default.
- W4295845809 startingPage "4444" @default.
- W4295845809 abstract "Current knowledge on the molecular landscape of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) has advanced significantly. Still, the cellular origin of PanNETs is uncertain and the associated mechanisms remain largely unknown. DAXX/ATRX and MEN1 are the three most frequently altered genes that drive PanNETs. They are recognized as a link between genetics and epigenetics. Moreover, the acknowledged impact on DNA methylation by somatic mutations in MEN1 is a valid hallmark of epigenetic mechanism. DAXX/ATRX and MEN1 can be studied at the immunohistochemical level as a reliable surrogate for sequencing. DAXX/ATRX mutations promote alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) activation, determined by specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. ALT phenotype is considered a significant predictor of worse prognosis and a marker of pancreatic origin. Additionally, ARX/PDX1 expression is linked to important epigenomic alterations and can be used as lineage associated immunohistochemical marker. Herein, ARX/PDX1 association with DAXX/ATRX/MEN1 and ALT can be studied through pathological assessment, as these biomarkers may provide important clues to the mechanism underlying disease pathogenesis. In this review, we present an overview of a new approach to tumor stratification based on genetic and epigenetic characteristics as well as cellular origin, with prognostic consequences." @default.
- W4295845809 created "2022-09-15" @default.
- W4295845809 creator A5022708643 @default.
- W4295845809 creator A5042340054 @default.
- W4295845809 creator A5078501166 @default.
- W4295845809 creator A5085056531 @default.
- W4295845809 date "2022-09-13" @default.
- W4295845809 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W4295845809 title "Insights into Epigenetic Changes Related to Genetic Variants and Cells-of-Origin of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: An Algorithm for Practical Workup" @default.
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- W4295845809 doi "https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14184444" @default.
- W4295845809 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36139607" @default.