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- W4296100799 endingPage "2292" @default.
- W4296100799 startingPage "2292" @default.
- W4296100799 abstract "Immunotherapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors or adoptive cell transfer have become powerful tools to treat cancer. These treatments act via overcoming or alleviating tumor-induced immunosuppression, thereby enabling effective tumor clearance. Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most aggressive, primary brain tumor that remains refractory to the benefits of immunotherapy. The immunosuppressive immune tumor microenvironment (TME), genetic and cellular heterogeneity, and disorganized vasculature hinder drug delivery and block effector immune cell trafficking and activation, consequently rendering immunotherapy ineffective. Within the TME, the mutual interactions between tumor, immune and endothelial cells result in the generation of positive feedback loops, which intensify immunosuppression and support tumor progression. We focus here on the role of aberrant tumor vasculature and how it can mediate hypoxia and immunosuppression. We discuss how immune cells use immunosuppressive signaling for tumor progression and contribute to the development of resistance to immunotherapy. Finally, we assess how a positive feedback loop between vascular normalization and immune cells, including myeloid cells, could be targeted by combinatorial therapies with immune checkpoint blockers and sensitize the tumor to immunotherapy." @default.
- W4296100799 created "2022-09-17" @default.
- W4296100799 creator A5007779722 @default.
- W4296100799 creator A5032140542 @default.
- W4296100799 creator A5039536580 @default.
- W4296100799 date "2022-09-15" @default.
- W4296100799 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W4296100799 title "The Interplay of Tumor Vessels and Immune Cells Affects Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma" @default.
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