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- W4296540975 abstract "Investigators are increasingly using novel methods for extending (generalizing or transporting) causal inferences from a trial to a target population. In many generalizability and transportability analyses, the trial and the observational data from the target population are separately sampled, following a non-nested trial design. In practical implementations of this design, non-randomized individuals from the target population are often identified by conditioning on the use of a particular treatment, while individuals who used other candidate treatments for the same indication or individuals who did not use any treatment are excluded. In this paper, we argue that conditioning on treatment in the target population changes the estimand of generalizability and transportability analyses and potentially introduces serious bias in the estimation of causal estimands in the target population or the subset of the target population using a specific treatment. Furthermore, we argue that the naive application of marginalization-based or weighting-based standardization methods does not produce estimates of any reasonable causal estimand. We use causal graphs and counterfactual arguments to characterize the identification problems induced by conditioning on treatment in the target population and illustrate the problems using simulated data. We conclude by considering the implications of our findings for applied work." @default.
- W4296540975 created "2022-09-21" @default.
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- W4296540975 date "2022-09-19" @default.
- W4296540975 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W4296540975 title "Selection on treatment in the target population of generalizabillity and transportability analyses" @default.
- W4296540975 doi "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2209.08758" @default.
- W4296540975 hasPublicationYear "2022" @default.
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