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• W4297025467 endingPage "568" @default.
• W4297025467 startingPage "539" @default.
• W4297025467 abstract "Owing to their extensive uses, organophosphorus (OP) compounds present substantial risks to public health, especially during occupational exposure in agriculture, suicidal attempts by ingesting pesticides, or exposure during warfare (as neurotoxic agents). The widespread exposure to OP through different routes (i.e., inhalation, dermal, and oral) is associated with a high prevalence of OP poisoning cases reported annually with an alarming fatality rate. This chapter aims to explore the current therapeutic plan and its limitations while pondering recent advances in therapeutic regimen and delivery approaches for better therapeutic outcomes. The current management plan for OP poisoning involves initial supportive therapy that includes decontamination, resuscitation (cardio and respiratory), and hemodialysis with subsequent rational pharmacological treatment. Current guidelines recommend prompt administration of atropine as a first-line agent with oximes either coadministered with atropine or as a follow-up, benzodiazepines as an anticonvulsant (to control seizure), and prophylaxis with pyridostigmine. Other agents including neuroprotective agents, diuretics, and antioxidants have also shown promising efficacy as adjunct antidotes. With aim of optimizing drug delivery, and therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse events, and improving patient compliance, several novel delivery approaches have also been attempted for better management of OP poisoning. These innovative strategies include the development of novel formulations (i.e., mucoadhesive nasal spray, nasal drops, specialized dry powder inhaler, and fast-disintegrating sublingual tablets) and novel delivery devices (i.e., micropumps). More research is highly needed in this area; however, two major barriers such as ethical concerns with clinical assessment in emergencies and limited profitability limit further innovations." @default.
• W4297025467 created "2022-09-25" @default.
• W4297025467 creator A5013596679 @default.
• W4297025467 creator A5032222232 @default.
• W4297025467 creator A5056633637 @default.
• W4297025467 date "2023-01-01" @default.
• W4297025467 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W4297025467 title "Potential alternative treatments and routes of administrations: nerve agents poisoning" @default.
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