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- W4297919874 abstract "This study investigated the effect of temperature on sulfur transformation behavior during the hydrothermal carbonization of raw sludge, water washed sludge and the corresponding filtrate solution at 110–235 °C. The different sulfur species in the various products were determined, primarily focusing on the sulfur species present in the aqueous product. At 110 °C, 31.9% of sulfur migrated to the aqueous product, primarily in the form of sulfone-S and sulfoxide-S. As the temperature increased to 160 °C, the hydrolysis of aliphatic-S and aromatic-S was enhanced, and the former species further transformed to other organic-S or SO42-S in the aqueous product. High temperature is beneficial to the formation of sulfate-S and thiophene-S/aromatic-S in the aqueous and hydrochar products, along with the release of H2S and CH3SH. This caused a retention of only 29.2% sulfur (i.e., sulfate-S) in the hydrochar at 235 °C, with a large amount of sulfur migrating to the aqueous product (51.1%), followed by the gas product (9.1%). Among all the sulfur species in raw sludge, aliphatic-S was the most thermally unstable. SO42-S and sulfur-containing gas were primarily formed from the decomposition of water-insoluble aliphatic-S, while part of thiophene-S/aromatic-S in aqueous products was generated from water-soluble sulfone-S and sulfoxide-S at high temperatures of ≥160 °C. The results indicate that 210 °C is the optimal temperature for preparing of sludge-based fuel during hydrothermal carbonization, and water washing pre-treatment is a good strategy for enhancing the removal of sulfur in hydrochar and reducing the release of sulfur-containing odorous gas." @default.
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- W4297919874 date "2023-01-01" @default.
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- W4297919874 title "In-depth study of the sulfur migration and transformation during hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge" @default.
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- W4297919874 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.184" @default.
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