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- W4300598730 abstract "Youth crime has long been an enduring focus of anxiety in England and Wales. The history of juvenile justice, since its inception in the early years of the 20th century, has fluctuated between a preoccupation with ‘care and welfare’ and ‘control and punishment’. More recently, these have been overlaid by an ambiguous and volatile dichotomy emphasising, on the one hand, the efficient, cost-effective and rational management of offenders and, on the other hand, the emotive and expressive dimensions of punishment. Despite the ‘authoritarian populism’ of the Thatcher years (Hall, 1979), the 1980s actually saw a significant and sustained decline in the use of custody for juveniles and an emphasis upon limited intervention and diversion. One element underpinning this change in juvenile justice were practices of multi-agency diversion that saw an expansion in the use of cautioning and an increasingly bifurcated system that distinguished the serious and persistent offenders from the rest. In many senses, the juvenile cautioning policy of the 1980s was one of the criminal justice success stories of the period. Driven largely at the local level, the use of cautions for juvenile offenders increased dramatically over the decade without a subsequent increase in crime. The 1990s, however, saw a dramatic swing in youth justice policy, notably in the aftermath of the murder, in 1993, of two-year-old Jamie Bulger by two 10-year-old boys and the media frenzy generated by the event and the subsequent trial. This led to a renewed emphasis upon individual responsibility, early intervention and the use of custody." @default.
- W4300598730 created "2022-10-03" @default.
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- W4300598730 date "2005-11-16" @default.
- W4300598730 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W4300598730 title "Introduction" @default.
- W4300598730 doi "https://doi.org/10.51952/9781447366713.ch001" @default.
- W4300598730 hasPublicationYear "2005" @default.
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