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- W4300924416 abstract "Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions are variations on a theme of chronic inflammation; they are in vivo reactions, which, because of the time course and complexity of the different cell types involved, cannot be duplicated in vitro. DTH reactions are particularly effective against intracellular parasites that can replicate within macrophages, such as mycobacteria and listeria, as well as against other organisms for which the major clearing mechanism is activation of macrophages, such as Candida albicans, Treponema pallidum, and many viruses. The diseases caused by superantigens are listed in this chapter. The classic example of a DTH skin test is the delayed-type tuberculin skin reaction. It is elicited in sensitive individuals by intradermal injection of tuberculoprotein antigens. Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) reactions require specifically sensitized lymphocytes. Protection against reinfection may be partially mediated by antibody neutralization of organisms, but macrophages activated by a delayed hypersensitivity reaction appear to be the most effective way of killing the organism. The human disease takes three forms: acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and multiple sclerosis. These three forms are discussed in detail in this chapter. TCTL-cell killing of virus-infected cells appears to be the most efficient way of eliminating virus-infected cells. TCTL cells may lyse incompetent macrophages that contain bacilli that they are unable to digest. The microorganisms are thus released into a toxic extracellular environment or are made available for phagocytosis by fully competent macrophages. In this way, intracellular organisms that may persist in a protected niche are booted out and destroyed." @default.
- W4300924416 created "2022-10-04" @default.
- W4300924416 date "2001-04-02" @default.
- W4300924416 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W4300924416 title "Delayed‐Type Hypersensitivity" @default.
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- W4300924416 doi "https://doi.org/10.1128/9781555818012.ch13" @default.
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