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• W4301478312 abstract "Health& History• 9/1 • 2007 16 1 while the leukaemia death of the Curies' daughterIrene was probablydue to polonium.) Reading Emsley's book sent me back a numberof times to my twenty-fourthedition (1958) of Martindale'sExtraPharmacopoeia andreminded me of how its toxicity accounts had fascinated me as a pharmacy student. It also reminded of the vanished terminology, mercurous and mercuric ratherthan the currentmercury II. To say nothing of Hydrarg,Perchlor,Vin Antimon, Liq. Plumbi Subacetas Forte, Liq Arsenicalis and Thall-Rat. Nice nostalgia. GREGORY HAINES JCM CENTRE, ST IGNATIUS' COLLEGE RIVERVIEW DifferingApproachesto PublicHealthHistory: A Review Essay Criena Fitzgerald, Kissing Can Be Dangerous: ThePublic Health Campaigns to Prevent and Control Tuberculosis in Western Australia, 1900-1960 (Perth,WA:University of WesternAustralia Press, 2006). ISBN 1920694 78 1(hardcover),ISBN 978 1920694 78 4 (paperback),vii + 264pp Patrice Bourdelais, Epidemics Laid Low: A History of What Happened in Rich Countries (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003). ISBN 0 8018 8294 X (hardcover), ISBN 0 8018 8295 8 (paperback),xiv + 176pp ScottH.Podolsky ^Pneumonia BeforeAntibiotics:Therapeutic Evolution and Evaluation in Twentieth-CenturyAmerica (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006) ISBN 0 8018 8327 X. x + 254pp. While these three books fall within the ambit of public health history, their approaches, methodologies and narratives are as far apartas the three continents from which they emanate- Australia, Europe and America. Yet all have something to contribute to the discipline. Criena Fitzgerald's book on the antituberculosis campaigns 162 BOOKREVIEWS in Western Australia from 1900 to 1960 emerged from her PhD thesis from the University of Western Australia, where she is currently a postdoctoral fellow. The title of her book Kissing Can Be Dangerous and the delightful cover photo indicate its social history orientation. Taken from a 1948 health education pamphlet, the title epitomises the public health approach to the disease in the early-twentieth century, following Robert Koch's 1882 identification of the tubercle bacillus and the new understandingof the infectious natureof the disease. Not only could kissing spread germs, but it could lead to immorality andthe frequentingof unsafe public places, predisposing people to tuberculosis. Fitzgerald explains that in the early-twentieth century the antituberculosis campaign was premised on controlling behaviour. Yet, equating tuberculosis with uncleanliness, immorality and intemperance had the effect of stigmatising those with the disease, making the social consequences of the disease sometimes worse than the physical symptoms themselves. Itwas also counter-productivefor thepublic health campaign as it led people to hide their infection. Doctors colluded with patients to conceal their disease from public health authorities, as reporting them held no obvious benefits for doctors and affected their relationship with patients. However, this public and medical approach to the disease changed in the 1940s and 1950s when tuberculosis was reframed and became 'everyone's business.' A Tuberculosis Act in 1948 provided federal funds to address the social and economic needs of the tuberculosis patient, while a mass X-ray campaign was launched in the 1950s for early detection. Those who complied were 'good WesternAustralians'; sufferers from tuberculosis were now regardedas safe while those who had not had an X-ray were considered unsafe. The postwar campaign succeeded, Fitzgeraldargues,because it addressedsocial inequalities caused by the disease andbecause it hadbeen accepted as a community concern. In her introduction Fitzgerald states that she is not attempting a comparative history, either with other states of Australia or with other countries, although she does reference studies from elsewhere where appropriate.However, she should have provided ajustification for the narrowfocus on one Australian state, beyond the fact that this was the subject of the PhD thesis. A discussion of what was unique or distinctive about Western Australia and also the ways in which it reflected broaderpolicies (for Australia at least) would have given it a wider appeal to an international Health& History• 9/1 • 2007 163 audience. Clearly there are features which were distinctive, such as its status as a health resort for tuberculosis sufferers, its sparse and scatteredpopulation and its mining industry- all of which are explored to some extent but not set in an international or even a national context. Fitzgerald draws on oral histories of patients and doctors to construct her social history, as..." @default.
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• W4301478312 title "Differing Approaches to Public Health History: A Review Essay" @default.
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