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• W4304128217 endingPage "108732" @default.
• W4304128217 startingPage "108732" @default.
• W4304128217 abstract "Defecating in precarious facilities or even in the open environment is an undeniable reality in low-income countries. A thermochemically-driven treatment unit (TDTU) can be a fast, viable, and efficient solution to mitigate the impacts of fecal matter on the surrounding environment, using the energy potential of feces to transform them into solid and gaseous products without pathogens. Here, we review the data from papers dealing with the characterization of fecal matter and thermochemical treatments of fresh human feces and fecal sludge to link the thermochemical conversion of fecal matter with the development of TDTUs. This review aids researchers and guides policymakers by making explicit for the first time how the fate of human feces in low-income countries affects the development of thermochemical units and the choice of treatment routes. The implication of choosing TDTUs to operate as offsite centralized units is dealing with a residue with more water, less fixed carbon, less energetic value, and more inorganic content. On the contrary, onsite TDTUs must convert a fresh residue with almost 80 wt% water content, which has been achieved using out-of-bed combustion and solar power. The inorganic solid products left in TDTUs are safe-manageable and valuable in environment-friendly applications, such as soil amendments and carbon sequestration. Overall, this review suggests that TDTUs have great potential to replace filthy pit latrines and end open defecation, decreasing social inequalities and the marginalization of the most vulnerable in humble communities. Nevertheless, a research gap exists in developing TDTUs to treat the fecal matter onsite. • Fresh feces and fecal sludge have different thermochemical properties. • Fecal sludge has more water, less fixed carbon, and more inorganics. • Fresh feces has been destroyed using out-of-bed combustion and solar power. • There is a research gap in the development of onsite thermochemical units. • Thermochemical units can replace pit latrines and stop open defecation." @default.
• W4304128217 created "2022-10-11" @default.
• W4304128217 creator A5044932249 @default.
• W4304128217 creator A5047352306 @default.
• W4304128217 date "2022-12-01" @default.
• W4304128217 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W4304128217 title "Thermochemically-driven treatment units for fecal matter sanitation: A review addressed to the underdeveloped world" @default.
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• W4304128217 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.108732" @default.
• W4304128217 hasPublicationYear "2022" @default.
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