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• W4307103682 abstract "Political Conspiracy Beliefs and Their Alignment on the Left-Right Political Spectrum Michał Bilewicz (bio) and Roland Imhoff (bio) in 2022, a man entered a grocery store in a predominantly black neighborhood in Buffalo, New York, and opened fire, killing 10 people and injuring another 3. In 2019, a similar attack happened in a Walmart store in El Paso, Texas—this time targeting the local Hispanic population. In 2018, 11 people were shot at a synagogue in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. There seems to be a common motivation among the perpetrators of these three attacks against American minority groups. All of them mentioned the great replacement conspiracy theory that blames liberal and progressive politics for the attempt to replace the White Christian majority with racial minorities, immigrants, and Jews (Obaidi et al. 2021). This theory, together with the so-called Pizzagate conspiracy rumors spread by QAnon, claiming that cannibalistic pedophile networks attempt to seize power in the United States (Bloom and Moskalenko 2021), became key motivator of far-right political extremism. These hugely publicized acts of political terrorism, as well as the attack on Capitol Hill on January 6, 2021 (Moskalenko 2021), were clearly motivated by right-wing conspiracy theories. This is why the [End Page 679] attention of the US public has been focused on the conservative side of the political spectrum when debating the problem of conspiracy theories. However, the assumption that a conservative milieu is a stronghold of conspiratorial theories, whereas such theories are completely absent among the followers of liberal, left-wing, and progressive ideologies, does not stand up to careful scrutiny. This becomes more obvious when non-American political contexts and non-ethnicthemed conspiracy theories are considered. In June 2022 participants of the sixth international protest against mandatory vaccination gathered in Warsaw, Poland. With the number of COVID-19 cases decreasing and many protective measures being lifted, the protest did not attract many supporters. At the same time, the ideological composition of the protesters is worth noting. Although the organizer of the protest, the Polish Stop NOP (Stop AEFI [adverse events following immunization]) association, avoids clear political affiliation, its supporters represent a peculiar political mixture. During the protest, gold-and-yellow flags of right-wing libertarians were held just in front of a progressive No to corporate governance! banner of the left-wing members of the Institute for Citizen Affairs. Polish flags (including military ones) were waved close to flags with Russian colors—ignoring the fact that the two countries were in conflict over the invasion of Ukraine by Russia. Poland is not the only country in which anti-vaccination conspiracy theories have mobilized support from both conservative and progressive movements. In Germany, the vegan cookbook author Attila Hildman, a German nationalist with an immigrant background, became the face of COVID-19 conspiracy theories. In New Zealand, the Green Party opposed the interests of multibillion-dollar pharma companies. Across the world, wellness celebrities, yoga teachers, spiritual healers, and famous musicians led the anti-vaccination campaign that often denied the severity of COVID-19 symptoms (Lamberty and Nocun 2022). Many of those people shared progressive and left-wing political views. Anti-vaccination beliefs are not the only conspiracy theories that appealed to the left-wing and progressive side of [End Page 680] the political spectrum. Like the growing popularity of great replacement built on the potential of QAnon theory that used many motives of the Pizzagate hoax, similar lineages could be found in the conspiracy theories on the left: progressive supporters of the anti-vaccination movement followed many tropes of previous conspiracy beliefs about GMOs (Uscinski and Parent 2014) and about pharmaceutical companies (Big Pharma) conspiring against the public interest by hindering the development of effective medications against serious diseases and corrupting policy makers (Blaskiewicz 2013). The main aim of this article is to shed light on the specificity of political conspiracy beliefs, review the existing empirical evidence about the political ideology correlates of such beliefs, and discuss the legacies of political conspiracy theories on the left and right, as well as the most common psychological causes of the popularity of such theories across the political spectrum. Antisemitic conspiracy theories illustrate the conspiracist elements in both the left..." @default.
• W4307103682 created "2022-10-27" @default.
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• W4307103682 date "2022-09-01" @default.
• W4307103682 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W4307103682 title "Political Conspiracy Beliefs and Their Alignment on the Left-Right Political Spectrum" @default.
• W4307103682 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/sor.2022.0039" @default.
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